Dislocation of knee joint

Although the knee bone structure is unstable, there are stronger ligaments and muscle protection around the joint and in the anterior segment, so knee dislocation is rare. Occasionally, dislocation is also caused by a strong direct violent impact on the upper end of the tibia or indirect violent damage to the knee joint caused by rotation or hyperextension, causing the upper end of the tibia to dislocate backward and forward (Figure 1). When completely dislocated, not only the rupture of the joint capsule, tears of the cruciate ligament, the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, the meniscus, and the surrounding muscles; even the tibial spine, avulsion fracture of the tibial tubercle, and femoral condyle fracture. Severe medial dislocation can cause traumatic injury of the common peroneal nerve. Severe post-dislocation can cause throbbing, venous rupture, embolism, compression, causing limb necrosis and ischemic contracture.