Menopause and cardiovascular disease

The prevalence and mortality of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in premenopausal women are significantly lower than those in men of the same age group. After menopause, the incidence of coronary heart disease increases rapidly, reaching the level of men in the same age group after 60 years of age. Menopause is an independent risk factor for rising cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Common cardiovascular diseases in perimenopausal women and postmenopausal women include atherosclerosis (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, etc.), stroke, hypertension, arrhythmia, etc. Syndrome X is a unique metabolic disorder syndrome proposed by Reaven in the 1980s. It has a statistically intrinsic relationship with cardiovascular disease, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Syndrome X includes: impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and there is a close internal relationship between glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. The relationship between menopause and the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in women has been noticed for a long time. Based on epidemiological investigations, basic research, animal experiments, and clinical research were used to explore the effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. The mechanism of action and whether estrogen replacement therapy has the effect of protecting the cardiovascular system of postmenopausal women.