Hepatomegaly

Hepatomegaly can be caused by many diseases and is an important clinical sign. The normal liver size is 25 cm long x 15 cm long x 16 cm long. The average liver weight of an adult male in China is 1342 g, and the weight of a female is 1234 s, which accounts for about 1 to 0 in weight. The liver of the fetus and the newborn is relatively larger than that of an adult, which accounts for about 1/20 of the body weight. The normal upper boundary of the liver is consistent with the cryptocrypt, starting from the 7th rib at the right axillary midline to the 5th rib of the right clavicle midline, then going left to the front midline and crossing the junction of the sternum and xiphoid to the left midclavicular line. The 5th intercostal space is flattened slightly inside, and the lower boundary of the liver is consistent with the anterior margin of the liver. It starts from the 11th rib at the right axillary midline, along the lower edge of the right rib arch to the tip of the 9th rib cartilage, leaves the thoracic arch and diagonally to the upper left. Below the xiphoid process, it is approximately 3 cm below the xiphoid process at the front midline. The position of the liver is related to gender, age, and body type. It can change to some extent with different breathing, visceral activities, and body positions. Standing position and suction It is lowered in the air, raised in the supine position and raised in the exhaled state, and the difference between lifting and lowering during calm breathing is about 3 cm. Children under 5 years old, drink plenty of water, after meals, at night, after exercise, and live on the plateau for more than 2 months. L-2 cm below the margin, the liver can often be touched, the edges are sharp, the quality is better, and there is no tenderness. Sometimes the touched liver is not due to hepatomegaly, but because the liver position has moved down. This can be seen in the laparotomy, singing or performer of the delivery woman. Emphysema, pleural effusion, and underarm abscess. Sometimes gallbladder cysts, transverse colon tumors, pancreatic cysts, gastric cancer, right kidney ptosis, right hydronephrosis, right kidney cysts, pheochromocytoma, etc. can also be mistaken for hepatomegaly, but the respiratory movement is not as large as the liver, and the edges are not as good The liver is clear, so it should be combined with the history, location, shape, and texture of the liver. Respiratory movement, presence or absence of tenderness, and other test results to determine pathological hepatomegaly.