Mediastinal lesions

Mediastinal diseases include mediastinal tumors (benign and malignant), cysts, acute and chronic mediastinitis, mediastinal hernia, and mediastinal emphysema. The human thoracic cavity is divided into two left and right pleural cavities, and the middle part of the pleural cavity on both sides is called the mediastinum. The mediastinum contains the heart, large blood vessels in the chest, trachea, esophagus, nerves, and lymphatic tissue. The mediastinum can be divided into several areas. From the sternum angle (that is, where the sternal stalk and the sternum body intersect, the angle can be felt on the body surface as a distinct transverse diaphragm), the horizontal line is drawn back to the lower edge of the fourth thoracic body. Above the line is called the upper mediastinum, below the line is called the lower mediastinum. The upper mediastinum is again bounded by the trachea, the front part is the front superior mediastinum, and the rear part is the posterior superior mediastinum. The lower mediastinum is divided into anterior, middle and posterior parts. The anterior mediastinum is the anterior mediastinum. The place where the pericardium is located is called the mediastinum, and the space between the pericardium and the spine is called the posterior mediastinum. The anterior superior mediastinum mainly includes the thymus and intrathoracic thyroid gland, and the posterior superior mediastinum includes the trachea, esophagus, aortic arch and its three head and arm blood vessel branches, thoracic ducts, vagus, and nerves. The lower anterior mediastinum has the lower thymus, lymph nodes, fat and connective tissue. Inferior posterior mediastinum has esophagus, thoracic duct, descending aorta and its branches, odd veins, semi-odd veins, vagus and sympathetic nerves.