direct smear examination

In normal human blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid and peritoneal fluid, no bacteria exist. Direct picture check can help check out and assist with diagnosis. When the nasal secretions are smeared with nasal diphtheria or suspected tumor-type leprosy with nasal mucosal damage, a mucus smear is taken from the nasal mucosa, the former can find Corynebacterium diphtheria, and the latter may find leprosy. Basic Information Specialist Category: Inspection Category: Microscopy Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Normal when negative. Positive: Infected bacteria can be found when positive. Tips: Actively cooperate with the doctor during the examination. Normal value negative. Clinical significance After sampling, microscopy was performed by smear and staining. This method is simple, quick to report, and does not require special drugs and equipment. Generally, the most commonly used Gram staining method can be used to report Gram-positive, negative cocci or bacilli. If the clinical data can be closely combined, there is still a certain diagnostic reference value. (1) pharyngeal wall smear: suspected pharyngeal diphtheria, such as smear detection of Corynebacterium diphtheria is of great significance for diagnosis. Pharyngeal and larynx tuberculosis is sometimes smeared (using acid-fast staining) or M. tuberculosis can be found. In the case of gangrenous stomatitis, the detection of Clostridium by smear is also helpful in diagnosis. (2) nasal secretion smear: nasal diphtheria or suspected tumor type leprosy with nasal mucosal damage, mucus smear from the nasal mucosa, the former can find Corynebacterium diphtheria, and the latter may find leprosy. (3) pus smear: smear or culture with pus, find pathogenic bacteria, help analyze the pathogenic role of bacteria and choose antibacterial drugs. Common purulent bacteria include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (4) Skin tissue smear: suspected epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, scratching the skin, taking oozing tissue fluid to find Neisseria meningitidis. Highly suspected leprosy patients, choose the most active skin damage, use a knife to scratch the dermis, scrape tissue fluid smear, if you can find leprosy, it can help diagnose. (5) smear of the thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity, abdominal cavity and joint capsule: in the pathological situation, pathogenic bacteria can often be detected, the most common such as Gram-positive cocci and negative bacilli. When suspected of tuberculous pleurisy, take a smear of pleural effusion or find M. tuberculosis. (6) sputum smear: In case of hemoptysis, if you are confused about bronchiectasis or tuberculosis, make a sputum smear to find M. tuberculosis, which has differential diagnosis. (7) Urine sediment smear: The middle urine specimen can be left in a sterile container and inspected in time. In the case of cystitis, pyelonephritis and other diseases, Gram-positive cocci or negative bacilli are often seen in the sediment smear. Suspected to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, you can leave a 24-hour urine specimen, take a sediment smear or find M. tuberculosis. (8) Cerebrospinal fluid smear: Take the cerebrospinal fluid smear microscopic examination to find pathogenic bacteria, which is of great value for clinical diagnosis. Common pathogens include Neisseria meningitidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Gram-positive cocci or negative bacilli, and Cryptococcus neoformans. (9) Fecal smear: In the case of pseudomembranous enteritis, as a fecal smear, staining examination, if a large number of Gram-positive cocci are found, and Gram-negative bacilli are significantly reduced or disappeared, it can be used as a reference for early diagnosis. In the case of intestinal fungal infections, Candida albicans infection is the most common, and fecal smear microscopy can find yeast-like blastospores and pseudohyphae. (10) vaginal discharge smear: If there is fungal vaginitis, scrape a little secretion, smear, staining, microscopic examination to find mold hyphae, spores, the most reliable method is to carry out Candida culture. Suspected that the leucorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae increased, smear, staining, microscopic examination of the secretion of the cervix or vestibular gland should be taken. If the intracellular Gram-negative diplococcus is found, it is very diagnostic. Positive results may be diseases: black scorpion, leptospirosis, cecal amoebic granuloma, smallpox, mycoplasma infection, bovine tsutsugamushi disease, staphylococcal food poisoning, foot edema, acute superficial foreskin balanitis, pulmonary schistosomiasis Precautions 1. Each specimen should indicate the patient's name, source of the material, specific location, date, time and relevant clinical information. 2. Place the exported specimen in a solid container that is not easily leaked and damaged to prevent potential biological hazards. The container is outsourced with a striking biosafety mark. Inspection process After sampling, microscopy was performed by smear and staining. Not suitable for the crowd Generally there are no people who are not suitable. Adverse reactions and risks Generally no adverse reactions.