serum aluminum

Aluminum (Aluminium, Al) is a silvery white or light gray light metal. The atomic weight is 26.98, the specific gravity is 2.7, the melting point is 660 ° C, and the boiling point is 2467 ° C. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have good ductility. Aluminum is widely used in industry, medicine, and daily life because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. Studies on the toxicity of aluminum in the past two or three decades have revealed that aluminum is a low-toxic, accumulating harmful substance with neurotoxicity and bone toxicity. The harm of aluminum to the human body, mainly from occupational aluminum exposure and clinical renal failure patients have long been receiving dialysis treatment with antacid aluminum hydroxide gel. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: biochemical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: The standard curve for the preparation of aluminum aqueous solution is quite different from the aluminum standard curve for adding serum or urine. The slope of the former is only 70% of the latter. When the aluminum concentration in the sample is very low, the accuracy of the result calculated by the former is Poor due to the influence of the matrix in the biological sample. It is therefore necessary to add a serum or urine matrix to the aluminum standard when preparing the standard curve. Normal value Serum aluminum was 0.06±0.05 μmol/L (±s, n=63), and the 97.5% site determined by the percentile method was <0.18 μmol/L (5 μg/L). Urine aluminum was 0.24±0.13 μmol/L (n=63), and the 97.5% site determined by the percentile method was <0.50 μmol/L (13.5 μg/L). Clinical significance Increased dialysis patients (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis), liver disease with jaundice (obstructive, hepatocellular), zinc, manganese deficiency ADHD and children with low IQ. Precautions (1) The standard curve prepared by aluminum aqueous solution is quite different from the aluminum standard curve added to serum or urine. The slope of the former is only 70% of the latter. When the aluminum concentration in the sample is very low, the accuracy of the result calculated by the former is as follows. Poor due to the influence of the matrix in the biological sample. It is therefore necessary to add a serum or urine matrix to the aluminum standard when preparing the standard curve. (2) The dilution and concentration of urine have an effect on the results. The uncorrected urine aluminum concentration is calculated on average after creatinine (Crea) (normal Crea discharge, male 1.5g/d, female 1.2g/d). 20% higher. Therefore, if necessary, use urine Crea, or urine specific gravity to correct. It is simple and convenient to use urine specific gravity correction. (3) The precision of this method, serum and urine CV% were 2.9% ~ 6.6% (n = 12) and 3.2% ~ 5.2% (n = 6): the average recovery of blood aluminum and urine aluminum were 99±3% (n=30) and 103±5% (n=24), the detection of aluminum in the US National Bureau of Standards reference material RM8419 in bovine serum, the result (11.9±2.2μg/L, n=12) at its value In the range of (13±5μg/L): the minimum detection limit of the method is 0.8μg/L, indicating that the precision, accuracy and sensitivity of the method are good. (4) Valkonen et al. The Zeeman background-corrected GFAAS method measured serum aluminum and urine aluminum concentrations (±s) of non-contacted antacids were 0.06±0.03 μmol/L, respectively (range 0.02-0.13, n= 21), 0.33 ± 0.18 / μmol / L (range 0.07 ~ 0.82, n = 44), the upper limit of the reference value is 0.1 μmol / L and 0.6 μmol / L respectively: close to the results reported by the author of this method. Inspection process (1) Instrument parameter setting: Hitachi 180-80 Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS), configuration Hitachi 180-0205 data processing unit, 180-0127 type autosampler, 180-0451 type temperature control unit And pyrolytic graphite tubes and pyrolysis platforms. Instrumental parameters for determination of aluminum levels in human serum and urine. (2) Sample preparation: 1 Serum sample preparation: Pipette 100μl of serum, transfer it into 12mm×75mm polystyrene tube, add 300μl 0.1% TritonX-100 solution, vortex and mix for 30s on vortex mixer, transfer to polystyrene sample cup, put Into the autosampler. 2 Urine sample preparation: 300 μl of urine was aspirated, transferred into a 12 mm × 75 mm polystyrene tube, and 300 μl of a 0.1% Triton X-100 solution was added. The following procedure was prepared with serum samples. 3 Standard curve drawing: Take 7 pieces of 12mm×75mm polystyrene tube and operate according to Table 2 to make aluminum standard curve. 4 Sample determination: The concentration of aluminum in serum and urine was determined according to the instrument parameters set in Table 1, and the injection amount was 20 μl. The test results were recorded as peak areas, and serum and urine aluminum concentrations were determined from a standard curve prepared on the basis of serum or urine. All samples were tested in duplicate. The quality control samples were measured under the same conditions as the serum or urine samples. Not suitable for the crowd No taboos. Adverse reactions and risks Discomfort: There may be pain, swelling, tenderness, and visible subcutaneous ecchymosis at the puncture site.