Urine visual inspection

Urine is also called physiology or visual inspection, including urine volume, color, transparency, odor and specific density (specific gravity). Generally use random urine or morning urine specimens. Soy sauce color is seen in blood transfusion, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and taking drugs such as aminopyrine and daunorubicin. Basic Information Specialist classification: urinary examination classification: urine / kidney function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Fresh morning urine should be used as much as possible. The urine that is randomly selected is preferably mid-stage urine. Women should avoid menstruation when taking urine specimens and should prevent vaginal secretions from mixing into the urine. Normal value The color is pale yellow to dark yellow. Urine volume Adult 1.0 ~ 1.5L / 24h; Children (1-12 years old) 0.3 ~ 1.5L / 24h; Old age (>60 years old) 0.25 ~ 2.4L / 24h. Transparency Fresh urine is transparent. The smell is sour. The proportion of morning urine is 1.015~1.025; the random urine is 1.003~1.030. Clinical significance 1, color In addition to diseases, urine color is also susceptible to diet, drugs, and the like. Nearly colorless and transparent, it is seen in excessive drinking water, diabetes, diabetes insipidus, polycystic kidney disease, chronic renal insufficiency and so on. Milky white is found in urinary system purulent infections, prostatitis, filariasis (milk-like milk in milk), kidney disease or crush injury (fat urine), and a large amount of phosphate or phosphate crystals in the urine. Yellow is seen in taking drugs, such as the gorge feeding (sweet and steep). Berberine (berberine). Vitamin B2 and so on. Deep yellow is seen in febrile diseases and various jaundices (a yellow foam can be produced after shaking the urine). Red hematuria is washed with water and red turbidity. It is found in acute glomerulonephritis and other urinary system inflammation, stones, and neoplastic diseases. Soy sauce color is seen in blood transfusion, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and taking drugs such as aminopyrine and daunorubicin. 2, urine volume Polyuria (more than 2.5L/24h) excludes excessive physiological drinking water and diuretic drugs, found in diabetes, chronic nephritis, diabetes insipidus, hypertensive nephropathy. Oliguria (less than 0.4L/24h; less than 0.1L/24h for no urine); except for physiological drinking water or excessive sweating, pathological oliguria is seen in high fever, dehydration, shock disease, various kidneys Sexual diseases (such as glomerulonephritis) and post-renal diseases. 3. Proportion Increased in high fever, dehydration and other oliguria, as well as acute glomerulonephritis, diabetes. Reduce the incidence of polyuria such as diabetes insipidus, as well as various chronic kidney disease, renal insufficiency. 4, transparency turbidity Fresh urine is left for a long time, and urine may be slightly turbid; when a large amount of salt is contained, crystals may be precipitated when the temperature is lowered; Other turbid urine is found in pyuria, bacterial urine, hematuria, chyluria and the like. Extremely clear and transparent is seen in people with polydipsia such as chronic renal insufficiency. 5, smell Eating food such as garlic has a corresponding smell. Apple flavor is seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. Ammonia is found in chronic cystitis and urinary retention. Stenchy smell is not seen in urinary tract inflammatory diseases. Precautions Note when checking: 1. Try to use fresh morning urine when doing this test. The urine that is randomly selected is preferably mid-stage urine. 2, women should avoid the menstrual period when taking urine specimens, should prevent vaginal secretions mixed into the urine, middle-stage urine is appropriate. 3. Use a clean and dry container for urine. It is better to use disposable urine cups and urine tubes provided by the hospital. The amount of urine used for routine testing should be about 10 ml and sent for inspection as soon as possible. Inspection process Inspection method: urine test. Not suitable for the crowd Menstrual women. Adverse reactions and risks no.