Simple periodontitis
Introduction
Introduction to simple periodontitis Simple periodontitis refers to chronic inflammation of periodontal support tissues mainly caused by local factors. The age of onset is more common after 35 years old, so it is also known as adult periodontitis. Often developed by gingivitis, such as phlegm and inflammation can not be treated in time, inflammation can spread from the gums to the deep periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum. It is periodontitis, because there are no obvious symptoms in the early stage. It is neglected. When symptoms are treated, it is often more serious, and even the teeth cannot be preserved. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the mission so that patients can see early treatment and timely treatment. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: people without special hair Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: periodontal abscess periodontal disease gingivitis
Cause
Causes of simple periodontitis
Dental calculus (30%):
The calculus is a mineralized plaque deposited on the tooth surface. The calculus is divided into two types: the upper calculus and the subgingival calculus according to its deposition site and nature.
1) The upper calculus is located on the tooth surface above the gingival margin, which can be directly seen by the naked eye. It is deposited more in the neck of the tooth, especially at the opposite side of the opening of the large parotid duct. The buccal side of the maxillary molar and the lingual side of the anterior temporomandibular anterior teeth More deposits, the main source of inorganic salts in the calculus is mineral salts such as calcium and phosphorus in saliva.
2) The underarm calculus is located below the gingival margin, and the root surface of the gingival bag or periodontal pocket cannot be directly viewed by the naked eye. It must be probed to know the deposition site and deposition amount, and the tartar is placed on any tooth. It can be formed, but with more adjacent faces and tongues. The underarm tartar is mainly composed of gingival crevicular fluid and exudate to provide mineral salts.
The damage of tartar to periodontal tissue is mainly because it constitutes a good environment for plaque adhesion and bacterial growth. The tartar itself hinders the maintenance of oral hygiene, which accelerates the formation of plaque and stimulates the formation of gingival tissue.
Traumatic occlusion (20%):
In the case of traumatic occlusion, if the bite force is too large or the direction is abnormal, beyond the joint force that the periodontal tissue can withstand, the bite that causes the periodontal tissue to be damaged is called traumatic occlusion. The traumatic occlusion includes the early time of the occlusion. Contact, occlusal interference, molar grinding at night, etc.
Plaque (10%):
Plaque refers to a microbial group that adheres to the surface of a tooth and cannot be removed by mouthwash, water rinse, or the like.
Other (10%):
Other factors including food impaction, poor restorations, mouth breathing and other factors also contribute to the inflammatory process of periodontal tissue.
Prevention
Simple periodontitis prevention
Prevent and reduce systemic diseases, strengthen nutrition, improve overall health quality, thereby enhance the disease resistance of periodontal tissues, strive to maintain oral hygiene, and resolutely quit bad habits harmful to periodontal tissues (such as smoking, drinking, unilateral chewing Wait). Supply a variety of vitamins. Especially B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and folic acid. B vitamins help digestion and protect oral tissues.
Complication
Complications of simple periodontitis Complications periodontal abscess periodontal disease gingivitis
Periodontal swelling or multiple periodontal abscess may occur.
Occlusal weakness, dull pain, bleeding gums and bad breath, when the body's resistance is reduced, periodontal bag exudate drainage is not smooth, can form periodontal swelling, at this time the gums are oval, red, swollen, loose teeth Increased degree, there is pain, the patient feels severe strenuous pain, sometimes there are multiple parts of the abscess, called multiple periodontal abscess, at this time the patient may have elevated body temperature, general malaise, submandibular lymphadenopathy, tenderness, etc. symptom.
Symptom
Simple periodontitis symptoms Common symptoms Trauma, edema, hemorrhage, blunt pain, purulent discharge, lymphadenopathy, abscess, weakness, periodontal pocket formation
Early symptoms are not obvious. Patients often have only genital bleeding or bad breath. They are similar to sputum inflammation. When examined, the gingival margin, sputum nipple and attached sputum swelling, soft, dark red or dark red. The diagnosis is easy to bleed, and with the further spread of inflammation, the following symptoms appear;
Periodontal pocket formation: due to the expansion of inflammation, the periodontal ligament is destroyed, the alveolar bone is gradually absorbed, the gums are separated from the roots, and the sulcus is deepened to form a periodontal pocket. The depth of the periodontal pocket can be measured by a probe. It can be found that the alveolar bone has different degrees of absorption.
Periodontal pus: There are ulcers and inflammatory granulation tissue in the periodontal pocket. There are purulent secretions in the bag, so the gums are lightly pressed, and there is overflowing pus and often bad breath.
Loose teeth: Due to the destruction of periodontal tissues, especially when the alveolar bone is aggravated, the supporting teeth are insufficient, and the teeth are loose and displaced.
Examine
Simple periodontitis examination
X-ray examination has the horizontal absorption of alveolar bone, and in severe cases, the teeth are loose and the occlusion is disordered.
Self-examination of periodontitis
1. The teeth have different degrees of looseness, the roots are exposed or the gums are red and swollen, indicating that it has progressed to periodontitis.
2. There is bad breath indicating that there may be periodontitis.
Laboratory inspection
1. Blood routine examination.
2. X-ray film inspection.
3. Excretion and tissue culture + drug sensitivity and other inspection methods.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of simple periodontitis
Simple periodontitis is also known as marginal periodontitis. It is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissue that develops from chronic gingivitis. Simple periodontitis is basically similar to simple gingivitis. But the extent and extent of the damage is even worse.
1. The history of the disease often has a history of phlegm, and the incidence increases after 30-40 years old, and gradually increases.
2. The color and shape of the gums are similar to those of phlegm, and the edema is attached and the spots disappear.
3. At the time of exploration, the periodontal attachment was lost, and the periodontal pocket was formed. The teeth were loosened to varying degrees, and the periodontal abscess was formed in severe cases.
4. Local plaque, tartar, food impaction or poor prosthesis may exist.
5. The degree of damage of periodontal tissue can be determined by periodontal index (PI) and periodontal disease index (PDI).
6. X-ray film shows that the alveolar bone has different degrees of absorption.
