Thyrohyoid cyst and fistula
Introduction
Brief introduction of thyroid gland cyst and sputum Congenital thyrogine cyst and fistula, also known as the anterior cervical cyst and fistula, are produced during the thyroid gland, and the thyroid gland is not degraded or completely degraded. It can occur anywhere between the blind hole of the tongue and the incision on the sternum. The inner sac of the thyroid gland is located in the blind hole of the tongue, and the outer sac is on the median line of the neck or slightly on one side. When the cyst is located under the hyoid bone, the fistula between the connecting cyst and the blind hole can be traveled through the anterior hyoid bone, the hyoid bone or the posterior lingual bone, so that the posterior lingual bone is more common. The etiology of this disease is not clear, and may have certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and mood and nutrition during pregnancy. During the process of thyroid gland, the thyroglossal duct is not degraded or completely degraded and the disease is caused. Therefore, it is impossible to prevent the cause. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can reduce the complications of this disease and have important significance for the prevention of this complication. Patients with infections in the pharynx should be treated as soon as possible to reduce the induction of this disease. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.05% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: lung abscess cough dysphagia
Cause
Thyroid sac cyst and sputum cause
The etiology of this disease is not clear, and may have certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and mood and nutrition during pregnancy. During the thyroid gland, the thyroglossal duct is not degraded or completely degraded and disappeared. It can occur anywhere between the blind hole of the tongue and the notch on the sternum. Secondly, infection with the pharynx stimulates the formation of the sacral hyoid bone.
Prevention
Thyroid hyoid cyst and tendon prevention
The etiology of this disease is not clear, and may have certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and mood and nutrition during pregnancy. During the process of thyroid gland, the thyroglossal duct is not degraded or completely degraded and the disease is caused. Therefore, it is impossible to prevent the cause. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can reduce the complications of this disease and have important significance for the prevention of this complication. Patients with infections in the pharynx should be treated as soon as possible to reduce the induction of this disease.
Complication
Thyroid hyoid cyst and sputum complications Complications, lung abscess, cough, dysphagia
Due to the formation of thyroid fistula, there may be pus continuously discharged through the fistula. If entering the respiratory tract, it may induce inhalation lung abscess, causing cough, cough, fever, chest pain, chest tightness and other manifestations. Stimulating the pharynx can also cause vomiting reflexes. Patients with large cysts can directly compress the trachea and esophagus, causing complications such as difficulty breathing and difficulty swallowing.
Symptom
Thyroid sacral cyst and sputum symptoms Common symptoms Pharyngeal foreign body sensation of tongue root abscess There is swelling and tenderness in the hyoid bone area. The thyroid cartilage can be touched...
1. More common in children and youth. There is a round mass under the plane of the anterior hyoid bone. The surface is smooth, the boundary is clear, the capsule is sexy, the skin is non-adhesive, and it moves up and down with swallowing. The cord can be touched along the direction of the hyoid bone, and the mass can be retracted when the mouth is extended.
2. When the cyst is secondary to infection, local redness and tenderness, self-destruction or incision and drainage can form a long-lasting sputum.
3. Mucous secretions, often containing columnar and squamous epithelial cells.
The thyroid tongue cyst is covered with a multi-layered columnar epithelium, a stratified squamous epithelium or a transitional epithelium. The cystic fluid is mucoid and purulent after infection. Thyroid tissue is visible under the epithelium.
Examine
Examination of thyroid gland cyst and hernia
Clinical physical examination: There is a round mass under the plane of the anterior hyoid bone, the surface is smooth, the boundary is clear, the capsule is sexy, the skin is non-adhesive, and it moves up and down with swallowing. The cord can be touched along the direction of the hyoid bone, and the mass can be retracted when the mouth is extended.
Laboratory examination: including X-ray film or CT examination, blood test, C-reactive protein, secretion smear examination and B-ultrasound examination should be performed.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of thyroglossal cyst and hernia
diagnosis
X-ray iodine angiography of the fistula or cyst helps to confirm the diagnosis, but should be differentiated from the cleft palate, the dermoid cyst and the ectopic thyroid.
1. More common in children and young people, there is a round lumps under the plane of the anterior hyoid bone, the surface is smooth, the boundary is clear, the sac is sexy, the skin is non-adhesive, moving up and down with swallowing, touching the cord along the direction of the hyoid bone, opening the tongue At the time, the tumor can be retracted.
2. When the cyst is secondary to infection, local redness and tenderness, self-destruction or incision and drainage can form a long-lasting sputum.
3. Mucous secretions, often containing columnar and squamous epithelial cells.
Differential diagnosis
1. thyroglossal cyst: a small cyst located above the hyoid bone can be asymptomatic. When the cyst is enlarged, the tongue is swollen, the foreign body of the pharynx is unclear, and the pronunciation is unclear. The root of the tongue has a rounded bulge, located in the hyoid bone. Below, the anterior cyst of the thyroid lingual membrane is more common, the patient often has no obvious symptoms. The examination shows that there is a semi-circular bulge under the skin of the neck. The surface is smooth and tough and elastic. It has no adhesion to the skin. It can move up and down with swallowing. Draw a translucent or turbid, thick and viscous liquid.
2. thyroid gland tube: the external fistula is often located in the median line of the neck between the underarm and the thyroid cartilage or slightly to the side, the mouth may have secretion overflow, if there is secondary infection, there is pus overflow, from Injecting methylene blue into the outer mouth, if it is a complete fistula, it can be seen that there is a blue flow out of the blind hole. Injecting methylene blue through the mouth is not only helpful for diagnosis, but also beneficial for the complete removal of the fistula during surgery.
