Rhinosporidiosis
Introduction
Introduction to nasal sporozoite Rhinosporidiosis is a benign, chronic granulomatous infection mainly caused by Nasal spores that invades the nasal and nasal mucosa. The disease occurs in the tropics and subtropics, and more than 80% of cases occur in India and Sri Lanka. Others are Brazil and Argentina in South America. In China, Li Xinzhang first reported in 1979. Mostly caused by contact with water or soil contaminated by this bacteria, children and young people are more common, more men than women, the most common incidence of the nose, accounting for about 72% of all patients. Initially papillary, the surface shrinks like a sputum, gradually enlarges, the base is pedicled or tumor-like, there is a mucus accumulation in the tumor, such as mucous cysts, combined with smear to find a huge sporangia, diagnosis is not difficult. Trivalent or pentavalent antimony compounds, dapsone and topical 2% tartaremetic can be used in the treatment of this disease. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.03% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: contact spread Complications: ascites
Cause
Cause of nasal sporozoite
Causes
The Neisseria pallidum system is classified as a chromista genus, and has not been cultured so far. It exists in lake water, ponds and soil. Some animals such as horses and cattle are the storage hosts of this bacterium and can be transmitted to humans.
Pathogenesis
Mostly caused by contact with water or soil contaminated by this bacteria, some animals such as horses and cattle are the storage host of this bacteria, which can be transmitted to humans. The most common incidence of the nose is 72% of all patients, which is papillary. The surface shrinks like a sputum, gradually enlarges, the base is pedicled or tumor-like, and there is a mucus accumulation in the tumor, such as a mucous cyst, when it occurs in the ear canal, like an ear polyp; when it occurs in the penis, anus and vagina When it occurs in the rectum, it is like intestinal polyps. When the endospores are separated from the sporangia into the tissue, it can cause neutrophil infiltration in the surrounding tissue, and tissue necrosis can form an abscess. Plasma cells and lymphocytes can also be seen. Infiltrated, there are giant cells and blood vessel-rich granuloma and scars around the empty sporangia.
Prevention
Nasporosis prevention
1. Avoiding entry into the epidemic area is one of the effective measures to prevent the disease.
2. Labor in the epidemic area where there is more poultry manure, or through the contaminated area of the bio-agent, and the laboratory personnel who study the bacteria should wear a mask or gas mask at work to prevent inhalation of nasal spores.
3. The development of vaccines is the key to preventing the disease.
Complication
Nasosporosis complications Complications ascites
It can be spread to the blood vessels, urine, ascites and internal organs through blood sources, but it is very rare.
Symptom
Symptoms of nasal spores common symptoms polyp cyst abscess nasal dry
The disease can be seen in all age groups, children and young people more common, more men than women, the most common incidence of the nose, accounting for about 72% of all patients, initially papillary, surface shrinkage such as sputum, gradually increasing, the base has The pedicle is tumor-like, with mucus accumulation in the tumor, such as mucous cysts, when it occurs in the ear canal, like ear polyps; when it occurs in the penis, anus and vagina, it is like genital warts; when it occurs in the rectum, it is like Intestinal polyps can be spread to the blood vessels, urine, ascites and internal organs through blood sources, but they are very rare.
Examine
Inspection of nasal sporozoites
Histopathology: a polypoid biopsy with a grayish spot on the surface of a large sporangia, which can be covered with epidermis. HE staining shows that the sporangia with a diameter of 300 m is filled with numerous endospores, sometimes broken or not. Mature spores at various stages. When endospores are separated from the sporangia and enter the tissue, they can cause neutrophil infiltration in the surrounding tissues, and tissue necrosis can form an abscess. Plasma cells and lymphocytes can also be infiltrated around the empty sporangia. There are giant cells and blood vessels rich in granuloma and scars.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of nasal sporozoite
According to the clinical manifestations of its characteristics, combined with the smear to find a huge sporangia, the diagnosis is not difficult.
Should be differentiated from fibroangioma, nasal induration, squamous papilloma, acute infectious polyps, granulomatous diseases, tuberculosis and condyloma acuminata, the pathogen should also be distinguished from Coccidioides, the latter is smaller, mature inside The spores are also small, only 2 to 5 m in size, and the culture can be identified.
