congenital hemangioma
Introduction
Introduction to congenital hemangioma Congenital hemangioma (congenitalhemangioma) is one of the most common benign skin tumors caused by fetal vascular tissue malformation or original vasodilation. Occasionally, people who are acquired due to trauma are acquired. Clinically divided into 3 types: 1. Fresh erythematosus, erythematosus (nevus flammeus), also known as telangiectasia or wine-like sputum. 2. Strawberry hemangioma Strawberry hemangioma (also known as capillary hemangioma). 3. cavernous hemangioma cavernous hemangioma (cavernoushemangioma), also known as venous malformation. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: port wine stains, epilepsy, choroidal hemangioma, glaucoma, anemia
Cause
Congenital hemangioma etiology
Congenital factors (90%)
Congenital factors refer to the factors that can be caused by humans before they are born. The pathogenic characteristics of congenital pathogenic factors mainly affect the growth and health of children, leading to the occurrence of certain hereditary diseases or congenital diseases. Congenital hemangioma is caused by primary vascular tissue malformation or original vasodilation in the fetal period.
Pathogenesis
The cause of hemangioma is unclear. Primary hemangioma, which is congenitally formed by the proliferation of human embryonic vascular network, is present at birth, and can be asymptomatic when hemangioma is small; secondary hemangioma mostly occurs in infancy, and a few are found in adulthood.
Prevention
Congenital hemangioma prevention
1, the correct consumption of acid, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty and five flavors. Acid can converge, Shengjin appetizer; sweet can replenish spleen and stomach; bitterness can be discharged, dampness, a small amount can be appetizing; spicy can also appetize.
2, it is necessary to supplement the nutrition reasonably, because the rich nutrition helps the recovery of the patient's body, and the hemangioma patients can eat chicken, sheep, beef and other qi foods. In particular, shiitake mushrooms contain 7 kinds of essential amino acids, including calcium, copper, iron, manganese and other elements, and also contain a variety of sugars and enzymes, which can enhance and enhance human immunity.
3, eat more foods with anti-cancer effects, such as; vegetables, fruits, beans and other rich in vitamins and trace elements, have a certain anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects. Garlic moss, eucalyptus, cauliflower and cabbage are rich in vitamins, and also contain a ruthenium matrix which can increase the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, which can resist the action of chemical hemangioma.
Complication
Congenital hemangioma complications Complications, port wine stains, choroidal hemangioma, glaucoma anemia
Lateral-type port wine stains, may appear pial arachnoid hemangiomatosis, leading to progressive calcification of the lower cerebral cortex, patients may develop epilepsy, contralateral soft palate, conjunctiva, iris and choroidal aneurysm may also occur, leading to glaucoma Or retinal detachment, cavernous hemangioma, gradually increase within a year, after an indefinite period of quiescence, may also gradually subside, but often slow and incomplete, often seen in the intestine with hemangioma, causing chronic bleeding and anemia.
Symptom
Congenital hemangioma symptoms Common symptoms Vascular malformation Port wine stains Thrombocytopenia Subcutaneous nodules Varicose veins Blue rubber bulls
1. Port wine stains: Nevus flammeus, also known as telangiectasia or wine-like sputum, exists at birth, showing small red spots to large red patches, reddish color, dark red or light blue Color, irregular shape, not higher than the leather surface, partial or complete fading, can be divided into two types:
1 Medially hocated nevus flammeus: found in the occipital region and the middle of the face, with the increase of age, the skin lesions are not higher than the leather surface;
2 laterally located nevus flammeus: the band is seen on one side of the face, also seen on one side or several sides, occurring on the face, generally darker with age, can also be higher than the leather surface or There are nodules on it, often accompanied by other vascular malformations. Sturge-Weber syndrome (pial arachnoid erythematosus) and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (bone hypertrophy) depending on the location of the affected blood vessels and inflammation. The name of the spotted erythematosus, the former with parietal arachnoid hemangiomatosis, leading to progressive calcification of the lower cerebral cortex, patients with epilepsy, contralateral soft palate, conjunctiva, iris and choroidal aneurysm, leading to glaucoma Or retinal detachment, which can be accompanied by soft tissue and bone hypertrophy, varicose veins and/or arterial stenosis.
2. Strawberry hemangioma: Strawberry hemangioma, also known as capillary hemangioma, is a bright red, soft lobulated tumor, the number is single or several, ranging in size, usually 1cm to several centimeters I also see the whole body affected, the realm is clear, it occurs in the face, shoulders, head and neck, it exists at birth, but often occurs within 2 to 3 months after birth, in 3 to 6 months It gradually increases and then gradually degenerates. 70% to 90% of patients can completely resolve by themselves when they are 5 to 7 years old. Some hemangiomas can be associated with thrombocytopenic purpura, the so-called Kasadach-Merritt syndrome.
3. Cavernous hemangioma: single or most large irregular intradermal and subcutaneous nodules, superficial damage to the face bright red or deep red, irregular surface; deep in sexual damage, purple color, smooth surface, soft nature It is often compressible and resembles a sponge. It can be accompanied by a strawberry-like hemangioma, which occurs in the head, neck, and other parts. The child is born at birth or several weeks after birth, gradually increasing within 1 year. Large, after a fixed period of quiescence, may also gradually subside, but often slow and incomplete, cavernous hemangioma is still seen in two rare diseases, namely Maffucci syndrome and blue rubberbleb nevus, the former The prominent features are dysplasia of the cartilage, resulting in ossification, bone embrittlement causing severe deformity; osteochondrosis can evolve into chondrosarcoma, the latter hemangioma bulge, dark blue, soft and compressible, some also pedicle, intestine Common hemangioma, causing chronic bleeding and anemia, autopsy found that in addition to the intestines, many organs have hemangioma.
Examine
Examination of congenital hemangioma
1. There is no abnormality in the early stage of the spotted port wine stain, and the vasodilatation of the lower part of the dermal papilla in adulthood, the lateral type of port wine stains, starting around 10 years old, with the increase of age, telangiectasia gradually appears, the skin lesions rise Or in the nodules, in addition to the superficial layer, some blood vessels in the deep and subcutaneous tissues of the dermis also expand, and the dilated blood vessels are filled with red blood cells, and the endothelial cells do not proliferate.
2. Strawberry hemangioma Infant endothelial cell hyperplasia and enlargement, aggregated into solid cords, only a small number of small capillary lumens can be seen, the mature stage damage is capillary lumen enlargement, endothelial cells are flattened, some lumens Significant expansion.
3. Cavernous hemangioma The dermis and subcutaneous tissue of the cavernous hemangioma are seen in large and irregular cavities. The lumen is filled with red blood cells and fibrous substances. The lumen wall is a single layer of thin endothelial cells, large vascular cavities, due to the proliferation of adventitial cells. The wall of the tube is thickened, and some of the smooth muscles are still seen. Some large lumen endothelial cells accumulate and form a few capillary lumens.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of congenital hemangioma
1. Skin lesions are born or occur shortly after birth;
2. Characteristics of skin lesions of various types of hemangioma;
3. Histopathology;
4. Port wine stains: capillary proliferation and expansion in the dermis;
5. Simple hemangioma: capillary and vascular endothelium hyperplasia in dermis or subcutaneous tissue;
6. Cavernous hemangioma: vascular lumens of varying sizes in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, the outer membrane cells proliferate.
According to the above clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and histopathological features can be diagnosed.
