chronic cystitis
Introduction
Introduction to chronic cystitis Chronic cystitis (chronic cystitis) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder wall caused by non-specific infections mainly caused by Gram-negative bacilli (such as Escherichia coli), and some of the acute cystitis is not completely treated to chronic, most secondary Primary inflammation of the urinary bladder or chronic inflammation of the upper urinary tract. For chronic cystitis, a systemic examination is needed to find the primary disease and treat it. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: the probability of the population is 0.018% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: chronic cystitis
Cause
Causes of chronic cystitis
(1) Causes of the disease
Often caused by migration or chronic infection of acute infection of the upper urinary tract, can also induce or secondary to some lower urinary tract lesions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, urethral stricture, bladder stones or foreign bodies, urethra hymen fusion , hymen umbrella, paraurethral gland inflammation, etc., if the primary disease causing chronic cystitis does not disappear, the symptoms of bladder inflammation will not disappear.
(two) pathogenesis
Pathological changes are similar to acute inflammation, mucosal congestion is mild, edema hyperplasia is obvious, and there are many mucosal ulcers, which may be covered by pseudomembranous exudate, the mucous membrane is tarnished, the blood vessel texture is unclear, pale, rough surface, thickened, Sometimes small cysts, small nodules, mild lesions located in the mucosa and submucosa, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophage infiltration; heavy-duty involvement of the whole layer, extensive fibrous tissue hyperplasia, decreased bladder capacity, and even formation Contracture small bladder, inflammation can also invade the formation of bladder inflammation or even fibrosis.
Prevention
Chronic cystitis prevention
1. Drink enough water
Drinking enough water is the key to preventing cystitis. Drink 6-8 cups of boiled water a day as part of a healthy diet and minimize alcohol and caffeine intake. Do not develop bad habits of urinating, you should urinate every two or three hours.
2, avoid irritants
Do not use oily, feminine sprays or talcum powder around your genitals, and do not use any chemicals to flush the genitals.
3, choose shower
Avoid using shower oil or foam baths and switch to a shower.
4, maintain the perineal health
Keep the perineum clean and clean, and wash the genitals with water every day.
5, often replace sanitary napkins
Sanitary napkins are often replaced during menstruation, and sanitary napkins are considered to provide a means of bacterial growth.
6, reduce sexual life stimulation
Sexual life can cause the urethra to be rubbed, bacteria can easily invade and develop ascending infection. The best way is to sit up immediately after sex and empty the urine to flush the urethra.
7, change underwear, often clean
8, urinary exhaustion
Every time you urinate, you should not drain your bladder.
9, wearing cotton underwear
Avoid synthetic fiber products that would otherwise prevent proper air circulation and promote bacterial growth.
Complication
Chronic cystitis complications Complications chronic cystitis
Chronic cystitis may be a rare complication due to the proliferation of the fibrous layer of the bladder mucosa and the extensive fibrous tissue of the muscular layer, resulting in decreased bladder capacity and inflammatory bladder contracture.
Symptom
Chronic bladder inflammation symptoms Common symptoms Urinary urgency Urinary urinary frequency Urine turbid dysuria and urinary retention
Repeated episodes and persistent urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, but no obvious acute cystitis, significant reduction in bladder capacity, frequent urination, discomfort in the suprapubic bladder area, more painful bladder filling, urinary tract obstruction, then Difficulties in urination and turbid urine.
Examine
Chronic cystitis check
Multiple examinations of urine routinely showed small or moderate amounts of white blood cells, red blood cells, and mid-stage urine culture repeated positive.
B-mode ultrasound, excretory urography, etc. can help to understand the presence or absence of urinary tract malformations, stones or tumors, cystoscopy can be seen pyuria, pus moss, bladder mucosal congestion or pale edema, visible mucosal roughness, thickening and trabeculae, surface Sometimes there are follicles, pay attention to the presence or absence of diverticulum, stones, foreign bodies or tumors.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of chronic cystitis
diagnosis
According to the history and clinical manifestations, it is not difficult to diagnose. However, it is necessary to consider the causes of recurrent episodes and persistence. Otherwise, it is difficult to treat them thoroughly. Men should be diagnosed with or without prostate, and the scrotum, penis, and urethra should be diagnosed. Genital tract inflammation, urethritis and stones, women should understand the urethral orifice, hymen with or without deformity, with or without cervicitis, vaginitis or vestibular gland inflammation, pay attention to diabetes, immune dysfunction and other diseases.
Differential diagnosis
1. Tuberculous cystitis: If the cause of chronic cystitis is unknown and gradually aggravated, the urinary tuberculin (TB) may be excluded. General blood, pyuria, urinary sediment or acid-fast bacillus Parallel IVU examination confirmed renal tuberculosis lesions.
2. Interstitial cystitis and glandular cystitis: There is urinary tract irritation, the former has severe pain when filling the bladder, but the urine is clear, urine routine examination of pus cells is less, urine culture urine culture (-), cystoscopy A biopsy can confirm the diagnosis.
3. Female urethral syndrome: There is urinary tract irritation, no fever, low back pain, no abnormal urine, urinary sediment smear uropsammus counting (-), urine culture urine bacterial culture (-), cystoscopy cystoscopy (-).
In addition, there are non-bacterial prostatitis, radiation cystitis, etc., which can be identified according to the clinical manifestations of the medical history.
