duplicate penis
Introduction
Repeat penis introduction Repeated penis (diphallia) two penis are juxtaposed, often with other malformations such as bladder valgus, urethral fissure, hypospadias, can be divided into branch penis (partial repetitive penis) and true double penis (complete repeat penis) Two types. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: male Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hypospadias urethral fissure repeat bladder bladder valgus
Cause
Repeat the cause of penis
(1) Causes of the disease
Embryonic development is affected by specific environmental or genetic factors, leading to longitudinal repetitive rupture of the cloaca, and the formation of two reproductive nodules in the cephalic mesoderm, each developing into a penis, or when the reproductive nodules are extended to form a penis, fusion occurs. Defects form branch penis. If the defect of the embryo occurs in the head of the cloaca, only the penile head repeat can occur. If the defect occurs on the posterior and caudal sides of the immature embryo, except for the complete repetitive penis, often accompanied by lumbosacral Spinal deformity, anal atresia, scrotal division and bladder repetition.
(two) pathogenesis
Hollowell analyzed 29 patients with complete repetitive penile malformation and 15 patients with incomplete repetitive penile malformation with only penile head repetition. The former was found to have scrotal division and pubic symphysis separation, but bladder valgus was rare, and the latter had extraversion of the bladder. See, and scrotal division and intestinal malformation are rare, most cases have repeated urethra, some with upper or lower urethra, one of the branched penis is that the penis is divided vertically into two penis, the other only penis The head is divided into a penis body, the urethra generally opens in the deep part of the separation. The patient of the true double penis usually has two repetitive penis positions juxtaposed. The two penis each have their urethra, and the scrotum is often split into two halves. There are one or two testicles in each, the two urethra each enter the same or different bladder (repetitive bladder), the urethral opening is normal or the urethra is split, the lower rupture, when the two urethra enter the same bladder, the urination is carried out simultaneously, otherwise The two urethra do not urinate during the same period, often combined with pubic symphysis separation, repeated spine, abnormal renal development, anorectal and cardiovascular deformities, and repeated yin Were arranged vertically, repeated normal penis positioned between the penis and anus, penis large than normal, which stimulate the cavernous erectile response, urethral, may be greater or less than the normal scrotum, testes within no.
Prevention
Repeat penis prevention
There is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Complication
Repeat penile complications Complications hypospadias urethral fissure repeat bladder valgus
Often complicated by other serious developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary system, such as hypospadias, upper urethra, repeated bladder, bladder valgus, no scrotum, testicles, lack of kidneys, etc.
Symptom
Repeated penile symptoms, common symptoms, dysuria
1. Symptoms include urination, sexual intercourse and ejaculation.
2. Check
(1) There are often two penis that are juxtaposed or arranged side by side, usually juxtaposed, with two urethra and urethral orifices and separate cavernous tissue.
(2) Sometimes a penis is in a normal position, while another penis is found in other parts, and the penis develops less.
In addition to the diagnosis of repeated penis, the external genitalia can also be determined.
Examine
Repeat penis examination
1. Catheter or urethral probe examination Catheter and urethral probe may enter the bladder from the outside of the two urethra.
2. Imaging examination mainly refers to intravenous urography and urinary bladder urethrography. The most commonly used contrast agent is 76% compound diatrizoate. The amount of contrast agent is calculated according to body weight. 2~3ml/kg for infants less than 6 months. 6 months to 2 years old 1.5 ~ 2.0ml / kg, 2 ~ 5 years old 1.0 ~ 1.5ml / kg, 5 years old or more 1.0ml / kg, the contrast agent was injected within 5min, the abdomen is not pressurized, the head is low The feet can be high. When urinary bladder urethra angiography, the patient should first urinate, then insert the catheter, slowly inject 10% to 15% compound diatrizoate, newborn 20 ~ 40ml, infant 50 ~ 70ml, children 100 ~200ml, through these examinations can understand the anatomy of the urinary system, understand the relationship between the repeat urethra and the bladder, in order to develop a treatment plan.
Diagnosis
Repeated penis diagnosis
