Norwalk-like gastroenteritis
Introduction
Introduction to Norwalk Virus Gastroenteritis After the Norwalk virus infection, there is a disease in which vomiting and diarrhea are the main symptoms. Norwalk virus is a group of pathogens belonging to the minivirus. Norovirus is the prototype of this group of viruses. It is 25-32 nm in diameter, round and non-enveloped, and seems to belong to DNA virus. Only people and orangutans are susceptible. The virus of this group is strong, resistant to ether, acid and heat, and can not be completely inactivated at 60 ° C for 30 minutes. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: the incidence of this disease is about 0.002% -0.004%, more common in summer Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dehydration
Cause
Norovirus-like gastroenteritis
Infection (35%):
The source of infection is mainly acute patients, and the time of detoxification of feces after infection is short, generally no more than 72 hours. The transmission route is mainly based on the fecal-oral route. If the water source and food are contaminated, it may cause an outbreak.
The population is generally susceptible, but the incidence is highest in older children and adults. Immunity is short after infection. The disease is widely distributed throughout the world. There are also popular reports in China. It can occur throughout the year, but it is more common in autumn and winter.
Prevention
Norwalk virus gastroenteritis prevention
Strengthen the management of patients, pay attention to food hygiene and personal hygiene, prevent water pollution, the vaccine is still under development, due to impaired absorption function of the small intestine, avoid drinking milk or sugary drinks, food, etc. in the early stage of the disease.
Complication
Norwalk virus gastroenteritis complications Complications dehydration
The course of disease is self-limiting, usually 2 to 3 days. There is no sequelae after recovery. Complications are uncommon. Dehydration is the main complication and the main cause of death from viral gastroenteritis.
Symptom
Norovirus-like symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation Common symptoms Weak muscle pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea, low fever
The incubation period is generally 24 to 48 hours. The onset is sudden, with vomiting or diarrhea as the main manifestations. It can be vomiting or diarrhea alone. It can also vomit and diarrhea. The diarrhea is yellow and thin water, several times to dozens of times a day. Not equal, no pus and mucus, may be associated with low fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue and loss of appetite, the course of disease is self-limiting, usually 2 to 3 days, no sequelae after recovery.
Examine
Norovirus-like gastroenteritis examination
Blood routine
Peripheral blood leukocytes are mostly normal or slightly higher, and a small number of white blood cell counts are also reduced.
2. Fecal examination
There were no abnormalities in the stool examination, and no growth of pathogenic bacteria was cultivated.
3. Specific diagnostic test
(1) Take the stool 24 to 48 hours after the onset of immunoelectron microscopy, and the virus particles can be seen.
(2) Detection of viral antigens in the fecal filtrate of acute phase by solid phase radioimmunoassay.
(3) Determination of serum-specific antibodies by radioimmunoassay, etc., and a significant increase in the serum titer of duplicate serum may be helpful in diagnosis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of norovirus-like gastroenteritis
Can be diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and laboratory tests.
The disease should be differentiated from bacterial and parasitic diarrhea; the identification of other viral gastroenteritis is mainly based on specific diagnostic tests.
