extra kidney
Introduction
Additional kidney profile Extra kidneys Generally two major kidneys are usually normal and equal in size, but the third is slightly smaller. The latter is a completely redundant organ with its own collection system, blood supply, and relatively independent subrenal parenchyma. The excess kidney is an independent, substantial organ that can be completely separated or loosely attached to the ipsilateral main kidney, usually in the normal position of the renal socket, close to the caudal side of the main kidney, and occasionally the accessory kidney can be located in the main kidney. The cephalad or posterior side is even in front of the large blood vessels and is located between the two kidneys. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: ureteritis, urinary incontinence
Cause
Extraneous kidney cause
Formation of ureteral buds (35%):
The sequential interaction between the formation of ureteral buds and the development of the post-renal embryo base may lead to the formation of multiple kidneys. The development of the post-renal embryo base is necessary for the normal development of the kidney. There is a hypothesis that both processes are Deviations in development led to abnormalities. The other branch extending from the ureteral bud side was the first step, and then the posterior kidney horn was divided into two posterior kidney stalks, which finally differentiated into two independent ureteral buds.
Pathogenesis
The excess kidney is an independent, substantial organ that can be completely separated or loosely attached to the ipsilateral main kidney, usually in the normal position of the renal socket, close to the caudal side of the main kidney, and occasionally the accessory kidney can be located in the main kidney. The cephalad or posterior side is even in front of the large blood vessels, located in the middle of the two kidneys. The accessory kidney generally has a normal shape, but is smaller than the ipsilateral kidney, and the positional relationship of the ureter changes greatly. In about 50% of the cases, the two ureters are collected. Into the main trunk, in the remaining cases there is a completely independent ureter, in less cases, the para-renal has a completely ectopic ureter open to the vagina, individual cases report the renal and renal pelvis transport or renal pelvis In combination with the main renal ureter, the blood supply variation of the accessory kidney is also large, mainly depending on the position of the accessory kidney.
Usually the ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys are normal, except for a few.
Prevention
Extra kidney prevention 1. Maintain an optimistic and happy mood. Long-term mental stress, anxiety, irritability, pessimism and other emotions will make the balance of the cerebral cortex excitatory and inhibition process imbalance, so you need to maintain a happy mood. 2, life restraint pay attention to rest, work and rest, life orderly, maintain an optimistic, positive, upward attitude towards life has a great help to prevent disease. Do the regularity of tea and rice, live daily, not overworked, open-minded, and develop good habits. 3, reasonable diet can eat more high-fiber and fresh vegetables and fruits, balanced nutrition, including protein, sugar, fat, vitamins, trace elements and dietary fiber and other essential nutrients, meat and vegetables, diversified food varieties, Giving full play to the complementary role of nutrients in food is also helpful in preventing this disease.
Complication
Additional renal complications Complications ureteritis urinary incontinence
In about one-third of cases, the kidney and its collection system are abnormally developed. In about half of the cases, the renal parenchyma is thinned and the collection system is dilated, suggesting the presence of ureteral obstruction.
Symptom
Extra kidney symptoms Common symptoms Complex urinary tract infections Abdominal pain Urinary incontinence Fever Abdominal masses
This malformation has existed in the neonatal period, but it does not produce symptoms. It is rarely found in childhood. The average age of diagnosis is 36 years old. Abdominal pain, fever, urinary tract infection and palpable abdominal mass are common complaints. The ureteral opening is ectopic and may have urinary incontinence, but it is rare. Individual cases reported that the renal pelvic phase of the accessory kidney and the main kidney or the renal pelvis merged with the main renal ureter, and the blood supply variation of the accessory kidney was also large, mainly depending on the position of the accessory kidney.
Examine
Extra kidney examination
Excretory urography, ultrasound, CT and retrograde pyelography can show the degree of pathological changes. Radionuclide scanning can understand the functional status of the main kidney and accessory kidney. Can cystoscopy detect one or two of the affected side? The ureteral orifice depends on whether the ureter of the accessory kidney is independent and to what extent is ectopic.
Diagnosis
Additional kidney diagnosis
When the accessory kidney function is normal and lacks symptoms, it is usually unintentionally discovered due to other reasons such as excretory urography or abdominal B timeout. If the accessory kidney is on the anterior side of the ipsilateral kidney or is far apart, it will not affect the ipsilateral side. The structure and function of the kidney, if water accumulates in the accessory kidney, may affect the structure of the ipsilateral kidney. At this time, abnormalities can be found by ultrasonography. If the collection system is bifurcated, similar symptoms may occur, occasionally. The accessory kidney can be accurately diagnosed during surgery or autopsy.
