Spinal cavernous hemangioma
Introduction
Introduction to spinal cavernous hemangioma Cavernous hemangioma, or cavernous vascular malformation, can be found throughout the central nervous system, and its pathological features are composed of blood vessels that are thin, lacking elastin or smooth muscle wall. The thin-walled tube is lined with endothelial cells and is therefore prone to bleeding. basic knowledge Proportion of disease: about 10% of all spinal vascular malformations Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: autonomic dysfunction
Cause
Cause of spinal cavernous hemangioma
The essence of cavernous hemangioma is a deformed vascular mass. The blood supply artery and the drainage vein of the vascular mass are blood vessels of a normal diameter, and the blood flow rate in the tumor is slow, so cerebral angiography cannot be displayed. The blood retention of malformed vascular group lesions is also the cause of thrombosis and calcification in malformed blood vessels. The appearance of the lesions is purple-red, and the surface is spheroidal in a sponge-like or honeycomb shape. The blood vessel wall is composed of a single layer of endothelial cells lacking the muscle layer and the elastic layer is filled with blood in the lumen, and may have fresh or old blood clots; there is no or minimal brain parenchyma between the abnormal blood vessels in the connective tissue of the loose fibers.
The texture of the tumor can be soft or hard, which is related to the blood content, the degree of calcification and the size of the thrombus in the abnormal vascular group. There is glial hyperplasia and yellow methemoglobin deposition in the brain tissue around the lesion. This methemoglobin is one of the causes of epilepsy in patients with cerebral cortical cavernous hemangioma.
Cavernous hemangioma can occur in any part of the central nervous system such as the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and brainstem (intracerebral lesions) as well as the middle cranial fossa, retina and cranium (extra-cerebral lesions). About 19% of patients with multiple lesions with cavernous hemangioma often have hemangiomas with other organs in the body. The size of the tumor varies, and the size of the tumor from 0.5 to 6 cm is directly related to clinical manifestations.
It is reported that lesions are often located in the epidural cranial fossa, accounting for 70% to 80% of the brain. It is reported that the most common intracranial lesions in the brain have a tendency to spontaneously repeat a small amount of hemorrhage. The hemosiderin deposition and calcification extracranial lesions in the tumor are often dominated by the occupancy effect.
Prevention
Spinal cavernous hemangioma prevention
There is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Complication
Spinal cavernous hemangioma complications Complications, autonomic dysfunction
And blood is emitted, and neurological dysfunction can occur.
Symptom
Spinal cavernous hemangioma symptoms common symptoms upper cervical medullary lesions
The average age of patients with this disease is 35 years old, patients may have acute neurological dysfunction, which is mostly related to subarachnoid hemorrhage, due to acute or chronic expansion of blood vessels, when the volume reaches a certain level, it may be due to rupture and blood Progressive neurological dysfunction can also occur, and the symptoms of neurological dysfunction can last for several days due to repeated bleeding.
Examine
Examination of spinal cavernous hemangioma
Spongiform vascular malformations have characteristic features on MRI images, showing a center of mixed signal intensity on T1 and T2-weighted images, and a low-density (hemosiderin) ring can be seen on the T1-weighted image. Wrap around, continuous magnetic resonance imaging of patients with symptomatic fluctuations, can show changes in the volume of the lesion, if necessary, feasible spinal cord angiography to diagnose the disease and identify other types of vascular malformations.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the spinal cord
Diagnose based on:
According to the history of the disease and clinical features, it is usually not difficult to diagnose:
(1) Appears at birth and the condition grows with age.
(2) The surface of the skin is raised or slightly raised, and it is blue or purple-red; the pressure can be reduced, and the original shape can be restored after pressing.
(3) No symptoms, it is good to face, neck and head.
(4) Histopathology can be seen in large thin-walled blood vessels composed of large veins of different sizes and different sizes, sometimes showing thrombosis, mechanization and calcification. There was no abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.
Differential diagnosis
Feasible spinal angiography for the diagnosis of this disease and identification of other types of vascular malformations.
