Encephalocele and Meningocele
Introduction
Introduction to brain swelling and meningocele Brain bulging and meningocele (encephaloceleandmeningocele) are two types of cystic cleft palate, which can be caused by primary defects of the neural tube. The penis contains brain tissue, or partially expanded ventricles. Its clinical manifestations vary depending on the location and size of the bulge. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hydrocephalus
Cause
Brain swelling and meningocele
(1) Causes of the disease
The cause is still unknown, mostly caused by congenital dysplasia.
(two) pathogenesis
The pathogenesis is still unclear.
Prevention
Brain swelling and meningocele prevention
With the routine application of fetal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein detection in maternal blood, brain bulging can be diagnosed in the uterus, which is important for determining whether to terminate the pregnancy. Fetal ultrasound can reveal large brain bulging. It is also easy to detect the presence or absence of substantial tissue in the capsule. Hydrocephalus is not often found in prenatal ultrasound examinations. In fact, there is rarely a healthy search for hydrocephalus at birth, usually in the posterior cranial brain. After the repair, it is only in the ultrasound examination that attention is paid to the brain swelling, which is caused by the skull, scalp or high neck segment. These lesions are less common than brain swelling. The necessary condition for producing abnormal -fetoprotein is tissue fluid. Leakage with cerebrospinal fluid, if the lesion is completely epithelial, even if the skin is poorly developed, the alpha-fetoprotein levels in maternal blood and amniotic fluid are normal.
Complication
Brain swelling and meningocele complication Complications hydrocephalus
1, giant meningeal brain swelling or meningeal ventricle bulging, can be combined with neurological symptoms.
2, can be combined with hydrocephalus.
Symptom
Brain swelling and meningocele symptoms common symptoms twitching reflex hyperpigmentation intelligence reduction sputum polyps
At birth, the mass is small, and it can grow up gradually. It can be soft and compressible mass along the surface of the face, head, skull or back. It can be translucent or increased by crying. The occipital part is mostly at the top of the pillow. A circular or elliptical cystic mass is seen at the base of the nose. The base of the nose has a mass at the base of the nose. The distance between the ankles is widened, the pressure in the sacral cavity is narrowed, and the shape of the eye is triangular. The neurological symptoms can be expressed as mental retardation and convulsions. , sputum, hyperreflexia, cortical visual impairment and cerebellar symptoms and signs, some patients have no neurological symptoms, black hair bundles can occur above the mass or bald areas surrounded by black hair circles around, many skin lesions can be inferred from other spinal cords And associated with structural malformations, spinal dysplasia of the skin manifestations include sag damage, dermal damage, abnormal pigmentation, hair damage, polypoid damage, tumor, subcutaneous tissue and vascular damage.
Examine
Examination of brain swelling and meningocele
(l) Head CT: It can show the skull defect and thus bulge out of the cystic mass with the same density as the cerebrospinal fluid, showing the size of the ventricle, displacement and deformation.
(2) Skull MRI: The extent, size, and properties of the bulge and other structural changes and deformities in the skull can be observed from the cross-sectional, coronal, and sagittal planes.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of brain swelling and meningocele
diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations.
Differential diagnosis
1. Nasal pharyngeal meningocele should be differentiated from the tumor at this site.
2. Intraorbital meningocele should be differentiated from intraorbital tumors.
3. Exogenous masses of the scalp and skull.
