malocclusion in children
Introduction
Introduction to pediatric malformation False jaw malformation refers to the developmental deformity of teeth, jaws and face due to various factors such as heredity and environment during the growth and development of children. (The ideal normal jaw means that the upper and lower jaw teeth are all present and arranged neatly. A good relationship between the tip and the concave, the jaw development is normal, and the shape of the arch is good, which affects the appearance and health of the face. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: caries, gingivitis
Cause
Causes of malocclusion in children
Genetic factors (35%):
Due to genetic factors, systemic diseases, endocrine disorders, malnutrition, dysfunction.
Environmental factors (65%):
The bad habits of the oral cavity, the influence of deciduous teeth and dentition disorders, etc., lead to the developmental deformity of teeth, jaws and face.
Pathogenesis
First of all, we should understand the characteristics of the teeth developing the deciduous teeth. About 6 months after the baby is born, the deciduous teeth begin to erupt until the first permanent teeth erupt. This period is the deciduous period. From the age of 6 on, the first permanent molars are erupted. The beginning of the periodontal jaw, when the age of 12 to 15 years is the dentition period, so the deciduous teeth are all replaced by permanent teeth, this period may appear temporary wrong jaw, no need to correct, often can be adjusted to the normal jaw, There are several common malocclusions in the clinic, such as covering, covering the jaw, anti-jaw, open jaw, locking jaw, etc. Covering refers to the horizontal distance from the cutting edge of the upper anterior teeth to the labial surface of the lower anterior teeth in the median position. The horizontal distance of the cheek surface after the tooth cover is over, (the normal coverage of the anterior teeth is not more than 3mm), and the overlying anterior teeth cover the lower anterior teeth. The crown of the anterior teeth is more than 1/3 of the crown length. The occlusal teeth are in the upper third 1/3 of the anterior teeth and the neck is 2 degrees deep. The lower incisors bite on the soft tissue of the ankle and the 3D deep jaw, the anti-jaw (the ground), the anterior teeth and the jaw The posterior teeth are anti-jaw, the former refers to the lower front teeth covering the labial surface of the upper anterior teeth, forming a pocket, and the posterior teeth are the upper posterior teeth. The lingual side of the tip, when the open jaw refers to the median or the mandibular position, the teeth of the upper and lower jaws are not contacted by the jaw. The locking jaw refers to the contact of the tongue of the tip of the upper jaw and the cheek of the cheek of the lower jaw. The maxillofacial jawless jaw is called the median locking jaw, while the buccal surface of the maxillary posterior cheek tip is in contact with the lingual surface of the mandibular posterior lingual tip, while the maxillofacial jawless jaw is called the anti-locking jaw.
Prevention
Prevention of malocclusion in children
1. The correct feeding method
Breastfeeding is advocated. Breast milk contains all the nutrients needed by the baby. When the breasts are brazed, the muscles of the maxillofacial region and the movement of the jaws are coordinated and can be adjusted to a neutral position. If artificial feeding is used, the correct breastfeeding should be taken. Feeding posture, in the semi-recumbent position, feeding when lying down is easy to cause the mandible to reach forward, sitting in the vertical position feeding easy to cause mandibular retraction, the bottle can not be pressed on the baby's lower jaw or upper jaw, should be lifted by hand, so as not to To cause deformity of the maxillofacial depression, it is best to use a nipple similar to the nipple in the selection of the bottle. The diameter of the nipple opening should not exceed 2 mm.
2. Maintain a good sleep posture
Pay attention to the physical and mental health of infants and young children, maintain a good sleep posture, infants and toddlers sleep longer, should change position frequently, do not lean to one side for a long time, do not always have a posture, should not always use hands, elbows, or fists on one side The maxillofacial region can cause or hinder the normal development of the teeth, jaws, face and facial symmetry.
3. Prevention and timely treatment of dental, periodontal disease
This is the main link of oral prevention and health care. The malocclusion is a malformation. The cause is more complicated. It can be caused by genetic factors and environmental factors. The latter accounts for 60% to 70%. Therefore, most of them can be prevented early and maintain oral hygiene. It is advisable to brush your teeth in the morning and evening, rinse your mouth after meals, strengthen the periodontal and tooth tissue resistance, improve the anti-caries ability of the teeth, and master the correct method of brushing. The purpose of brushing your teeth is to brush the surface of the teeth and the residual food debris to prevent bacterial growth. Erosion of the teeth; the other is to massage the gums, promote blood circulation, enhance the resistance of the periodontal bacteria, so brush the teeth along the gap brush, not horizontal brush, because the horizontal brush will damage the gums and teeth neck, children's toothbrush specifications Yes: the number of rows of hair bundles is no more than three rows, the height of the hair bundle is 8~10mm, the length of the brush head is 25~30mm, the width of the brush head is 8~10mm, the toothbrush is washed and dried, the brush head is placed upside down, keep it clean. Dry to prevent bacterial growth and the toothbrush should be replaced regularly.
Complication
Pediatric malformation complications Complications, caries, gingivitis
Prone to dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease, can produce loneliness, low self-esteem, affecting children's growth and development.
Symptom
Symptoms of malocclusion in children, common symptoms, edentulous jaw, mandibular retraction, mandibular protrusion, unclear teeth
1. Influencing the appearance of the face Some malocclusions cause the jaw to be underdeveloped, the face is asymmetrical on both sides, and even seriously affects the appearance of the face, such as deep coverage, the patient has anterior anterior protrusion, mandibular retraction, forming open lip tooth Commonly known as "toothy teeth", such as anti-jaw deformity, mandibular protrusion, formation of "land-to-day", etc., these will give children mental, ideological, spiritual stimulation, stress and trauma, but also The unusual character of loneliness and inferiority.
2. Influencing language function such as anterior open jaw deformity, dentition gap is large, and some words are not allowed to speak, and the words are unclear.
3. Affect the chewing function Due to the wrong teeth of the teeth, it can not be cut and chewed normally. The food can not be broken, which hinders the digestion and nutrient absorption of food, which will affect the growth and development of children.
4. Influence on the bite jaw balance Due to the dislocation of the teeth, the upper and lower arches are hindered from coordinating development, the teeth are crowded, and it is not easy to clean. The food residue is prone to dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease.
5. Affecting the function of the temporomandibular joint due to the wrong teeth of the teeth, can change the normal position of the condyle in the joint recess, resulting in changes in the normal structure.
Examine
Pediatric malformation check
Generally no laboratory inspection is required.
X-ray examination should be done when necessary, and some abnormalities such as multiple teeth and stagnant teeth can be found.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of pediatric malocclusion
According to the clinical manifestations can be diagnosed.
Because patients are prone to dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease, etc., at the same time of treatment, the malocclusion should be corrected.
