intrathoracic kidney
Introduction
Intrathoracic kidney Intrathoracic kidney is rare, which means that part or all of the kidney passes through the diaphragm and enters the posterior mediastinum. It is different from the abdominal cavity and the kidney that enters the thoracic cavity at the same time. The chest kidney is located in the lateral posterior aspect of the transverse iliac crest. In the Bochdalek hole, the transverse sputum is thinned, and the membrane is wrapped around the kidney. Therefore, the kidney is not in the free thoracic cavity. . The intrathoracic kidney has completed the normal rotation process, and the kidney's morphology and collection system are normal. The renal blood vessels and ureters exit the chest through the Bochdalek hole. The ureter was elongated, but entered the bladder without ectopic, and the contralateral kidney was normal. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0004% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: respiratory failure
Cause
Intrathoracic nephropathy
(1) Causes of the disease
At the 8th week of pregnancy, the kidney reaches its normal position. At this time, the diaphragm has formed a pleural space, and the mesenchymal tissue gradually forms a muscular structure. It is unclear whether the renal ectopic is formed due to the closure delay or the kidney is rising too fast. Renal angiography suggests that the blood supply source can be branched from the normal position of the abdominal aorta, or it can be emitted at a higher position on the head side.
(two) pathogenesis
1. The kidney is located in the posterior mediastinum, often with a completely normal rotation state. The kidney shape and the collection system are normal. The transverse sputum is surrounded by a thin membrane-like protruding part of the kidney. The kidney is not located in the chest cavity, so the pneumothorax does not occur. Due to the compression of the kidneys, the lungs of the lower leaves often shrink, and the blood supply system of the kidneys and the ureters enter through the holes of the diaphragm.
2. In order to adapt to the long distance from the kidney to the bladder, the ureter is also prolonged, but there are few abnormalities at the entrance of the renal pelvis and bladder. The statistics of Stephens et al. indicate that the adrenal gland is mostly located in the normal position below the kidney, on one side. In the ectopic kidney, the contralateral kidney is more normal, and abnormalities in other organ systems are less common.
Prevention
Intrathoracic kidney prevention
Pay attention to rest, work and rest, and orderly life.
Complication
Chest kidney complications Complications, respiratory failure
Abdominal abnormal breathing.
Symptom
Intrathoracic kidney symptoms Common symptoms Respiratory irregular bone marrow dysplasia Persistent pain
Most of the intrathoracic kidneys are asymptomatic, most of which are accidentally found during chest X-rays or are found during suspicious mediastinal masses.
Examine
Intrathoracic kidney examination
Mainly for routine X-ray examination, there may be a mediastinal shift. A smooth round mass can be seen in the anterior and posterior chest radiographs. The secretory urography is often diagnosed. Some patients also need retrograde angiography. In the case of angiography to determine the abnormalities of the heart and lungs, while understanding the blood supply status of the ectopic kidney.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of intrathoracic kidney
The disease has many clinical symptoms, and its diagnosis needs to be determined according to imaging examination.
