occupational disease
Introduction
Introduction to occupational diseases Occupational diseases refer to diseases caused by workers, enterprises and individual economic organizations in their occupational activities due to exposure to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances. National laws have provisions on the prevention of occupational diseases. Generally speaking, diseases that meet the requirements of the law can be called occupational diseases. The diagnosis of occupational diseases is generally carried out by a unit authorized by the health administrative department and having certain special conditions. The most common occupational diseases are pneumoconiosis, occupational poisoning, occupational skin diseases and the like. In production labor, contact with toxic chemicals used in production or production, dust aerosol, abnormal meteorological conditions, high and low air pressure, noise, vibration, microwave, X-ray, -ray, bacteria, mold; long-term forced position operation, local Organs and organs continue to be stressed, etc., can cause occupational diseases, generally referred to as such a wide range of occupational diseases. For some of these hazards, the diagnostic criteria are clear, combined with the national conditions, the occupational diseases approved by the relevant government departments are called narrow occupational diseases, or statutory (regulated) occupational diseases. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: coal worker pneumoconiosis cotton pneumoconiosis benzene poisoning carbon disulfide poisoning mercury poisoning
Cause
Occupational cause
Control factors (25%):
In the past ten years, the number of detection points for occupational hazards in the workplace has remained at 700,000 points per year, but the number of testing companies has been declining year by year, down by nearly 40%, while the compliance rate of occupational disease hazards in the workplace has increased to 75%. The deviating result of the decrease in the number of enterprises detected and the increase in the compliance rate reflects that with the marketization of occupational health technical services, the detected data cannot truly reflect the actual situation of occupational hazards in the employer's workplace. The disease information monitoring system is not sound.
Value factor (20%):
Some township enterprises and individual economic enterprises have low productivity, simple equipment, no protective facilities; chaotic management, incomplete systems; low overall quality of personnel, indifferent legal concepts and ignorance; individual enterprises ignore the health rights and interests of workers, and the problem of occupational diseases is prominent. The health rights of workers, especially migrant workers, are not protected. In particular, the occupations of migrant workers are mostly occupations with serious occupational hazards. Their social security and occupational protection are difficult to be guaranteed. The unforeseen factors of occupational hazards are obviously increased, and the health effects are difficult to estimate and control.
Other factors (20%):
While China is opening up to the outside world, introducing foreign capital and advanced technology, some risky products are transferred from overseas to domestic, from urban and industrial areas to rural areas, from economically developed areas to underdeveloped areas, and from large and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises transfer. The transfer of occupational disease hazards is very serious.
The investment in occupational disease prevention and control is seriously insufficient.
The overall efficiency of occupational health resources is low, the allocation is not balanced, and the level of occupational health technical services is not high.
Due to the existence of blind spots in the promotion of occupational disease prevention and control laws, occupational health standards and their supporting capabilities cannot meet the requirements of law enforcement, and local economic protection has led to insufficient enforcement of occupational health.
Occupational health involves multiple departments, and the collaborative work mechanism has not been fully established. Within a department, there are often functions intersecting, occupational health decision-making, coordination, and command are not sufficient, and there is a lack of synergy between departments, and preventive measures for occupational disease hazards are not effectively implemented.
Traditional occupational hazards have not yet been fully controlled, and new occupational hazards continue to arise, posing a new threat to the health of workers.
Occupational health standards have not yet been in line with international standards.
Prevention
Occupational disease prevention
In response to the actual situation of occupational disease hazards in China, measures have been taken in a targeted manner. These measures include:
First, establish a sound occupational health protection mechanism. Including: establishing an occupational health management system and information decision-making mechanism in accordance with China's national conditions, a sound occupational disease injury insurance mechanism and a stable, multi-channel occupational health investment mechanism, and rational allocation of occupational health technical service resources by market mechanism.
Second, in accordance with the adjustment targets of the "Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law", adjust the occupational health standards system in China; in accordance with the requirements of WTO accession, through the equivalent use of international standards, the occupational health standards of China should be brought into line with the international standards; further improve the operability of occupational health standards. And its applicability, establish an occupational health standard system suitable for the actual work needs of occupational disease prevention and control in China.
Third, re-integrate the existing occupational disease prevention and treatment information network, overall planning, and further improve the occupational disease monitoring system; unify the statistical caliber of occupational diseases and work-related diseases, and integrate with international standards and mutual recognition. Establish a systematic occupational health information and occupational disease prevention and evaluation system, strengthen the prediction and early warning of occupational poisoning accidents through scientific analysis of information, timely and accurately evaluate the effects of occupational disease prevention, provide accurate and scientific basis for decision-making of occupational disease prevention, and comprehensively improve acute occupational poisoning Control the level of information. Establish a working mechanism for division of labor, cooperation and coordination among relevant departments.
Fourth, carry out scientific research work centered on prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis, occupational poisoning detection, diagnosis, treatment, control, and occupational health science management of the employer, and strive to break through the neck of the occupational disease prevention and control work in China and improve China. The level of occupational disease prevention and control.
Fifth, in accordance with the "Emergency Handling Law for Public Health Emergencies", we will build a major occupational poisoning treatment system centered on national poisoning treatment, and do a good job in the prevention and emergency treatment of major occupational poisoning.
Sixth, establish a workplace health promotion system in line with China's national conditions. Through workplace health promotion and health education activities, improve the legal awareness of employers in complying with laws and law-abiding, earnestly fulfill the legal responsibility of occupational disease prevention and control work; create a safe, comfortable and healthy working environment; give play to the enthusiasm of employers and promote the pursuit of employers At the same time of economic efficiency, the company fulfills its social responsibilities. Popularize occupational health knowledge and strengthen the self-prevention awareness of workers.
Seventh, further fully understand the importance of relying on occupational health work, further strengthen leadership over occupational disease prevention and control, continue to adhere to the principle of prevention-oriented, prevention and treatment, formulate and implement occupational health policy measures, and establish a comprehensive environment for occupational health development. .
Eighth, in accordance with the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, formulate national occupational disease prevention and control plans as soon as possible, incorporate occupational disease prevention and control work into social and economic prevention and control plans, formulate plans and organize implementation, and promote coordinated development of economic development and occupational disease prevention and control work.
Ninth, vigorously implement the occupational health management personnel training plan, and establish a high-quality occupational health management team that is both proficient in business and familiar with the law.
Complication
Complication of occupational diseases Complications coal worker dust lung cotton dust lung benzene poisoning carbon disulfide poisoning mercury poisoning
Different diseases have different complications.
Symptom
Occupational disease symptoms common symptoms lung consolidation repeated pneumonia pulmonary hemorrhage repeated atelectasis
According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, which was implemented on May 1, 2002, occupational diseases refer to workers, enterprises and individual economic organizations who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances in their professional activities. Disease caused by factors such as substances. It consists of nine categories, which are:
1, occupational poisoning. Lead and its compound poisoning, mercury and its compound poisoning.
2, dust lungs. There are silicosis, coal workers, pneumoconiosis and so on.
3, physical factors occupational diseases. There are heat stroke, decompression sickness, etc.
4. Occupational eye disease. There are chemical eye burns, electro-optic ophthalmia, and the like.
5, occupational ENT diseases. There are noise sputum, chrome nose disease.
6, occupational cancer. There are asbestos-induced lung cancer, mesothelioma, and benzidine-induced bladder cancer.
7. Occupational infectious diseases. There are anthrax, forest encephalitis and so on.
8, occupational skin disease. Contact dermatitis, photosensitive dermatitis, etc.
9. Other occupational diseases. There are chemical burns, metal smoke and so on.
The diagnosis of occupational diseases shall be undertaken by medical and health institutions approved by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the provincial level.
Examine
Occupational disease check
Check the items in accordance with the actual situation of the patient.
1. The employer shall organize laborers engaged in occupational disease hazards to conduct occupational health checks.
2. The employer shall organize laborers who are exposed to occupational disease hazards to conduct occupational health checks before going to work.
3. The employer shall organize laborers who are exposed to occupational disease hazards to conduct regular occupational health checks. For workers who need review and medical observation, they should arrange their review and medical observation according to the time required by the medical examination institution.
4. The employer shall organize the workers who are exposed to occupational disease hazards to conduct occupational health checks when they leave the post.
5. The employer shall organize medical examinations and medical observations in a timely manner on workers who suffer or may suffer acute occupational disease hazards.
6. The medical examination institution shall find the suspected occupational disease patient to report to the local health administrative department according to the regulations, and notify the employer and the laborer. The employer shall report the suspected occupational disease patient to the local health administrative department according to the regulations, and arrange for the occupational disease diagnosis or medical observation according to the requirements of the medical examination institution.
VII. Occupational health check should determine the inspection items and inspection cycle according to the categories of occupational hazard factors that are in contact, according to the provisions of the Occupational Health Inspection Project and Cycle. When review is required, the inspection items can be increased according to the review requirements.
Diagnosis
Occupational disease diagnosis
Diagnostic requirements
When applying for occupational disease diagnosis, you should provide:
(1) Professional history and past history.
(2) A copy of the occupational health surveillance file.
(3) Results of occupational health examinations.
(4) Information on the detection and evaluation of occupational disease hazards in the workplace over the years.
(5) Other necessary related materials required by the diagnostic institution. The employer and relevant agencies shall truthfully provide the necessary information in accordance with the requirements of the diagnostic agency. If there is no history of occupational hazard exposure or if no abnormalities are found in the health check, the diagnostic institution may not accept it.
