Pendant hemangioma
Introduction
Introduction to vascular hemangioma Citrusoid hemangioma (racemoseaneurysm) is less common than capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, and mixed hemangioma, accounting for 1.5% of hemangioma. It is a hemangioma that contains anastomoses of small arteries and small veins, and most of them are hemangioma formed by single arterioles and venules. Common in the head and face and extremities (finger, toe and palm, sole), and different from the extensive arteriovenous fistula of the extremities. Subcutaneous hemangioma of the head and face is more common in the cheeks of the neck. A round or elliptical bulge can be seen, the skin sometimes flushes, and the subcutaneous vascular pulsation and peristalsis are faintly visible under the skin. It can feel tremors when touched, and can touch the blood vessels and pulsations of the soft-expanded filaments. The local temperature increases, the mass can be reduced when pressed, and the pulsation can disappear when compressed. Auscultation audible and vascular murmurs, confined to the vascular hemangioma at the extremities of the extremities, can see irregular soft lumps attached to the fingers (toes) or palms (sole), the skin can be purple-gray, touch There is a tremor and pulsation. It can be reduced when oppressed. The pulsation disappears when compressed, and it is clinically misdiagnosed as cavernous hemangioma. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hemangioma
Cause
Cause of vascular hemangioma
Inherited vascular development (45%):
The cause of vascular hemangioma is mainly due to the formation of hemangioma due to tumor-like hyperplasia during embryonic development due to abnormal blood vessel development. More than 80% of vascular hemangioma may grow into a huge hemangioma, which is the name of a time bomb buried in the human body.
Environmental and dietary factors (20%):
The living standards are constantly improving, the environment is seriously polluted, and many foods are also affected by drugs or bacteria, bringing some unhealthy diets and living environment. This can lead to changes in the body's genes, resulting in vascular hemangioma.
Other factors (20%):
The etiology of vascular hemangioma may also be related to these factors: vascular endothelial cells themselves physiological, biochemical, genetic abnormalities or defects, angiogenic factors or high angiogenesis inhibitors, such as acidic transfer growth factor FGF, alkaline FGD, TGFa, TGFB, etc., adjacent cells such as pericytes.
Prevention
Vascular hemangioma prevention
Vascular hemangioma is mainly caused by arterial malformation, sometimes it can invade the skin to cause local ulcers, often bleeding infection, should pay attention to keep the skin dry, clean and prevent infection. The surface temperature of vascular hemangioma is high, and it should be prevented from scratching, colliding, and preventing colds. When accompanied by pain, avoid strenuous activities and collisions. When the weather is cold, pay attention to local warmth. The diet should be light.
Complication
Vascular hemangioma complications Complications
1, vascular hemangioma can have pain, because the subcutaneous nerve can be intertwined with the hemangioma, caused by the pulling of the nerve when the hemangioma beats.
2, vascular hemangioma invasion of the skin can occur local ulcers, often bleeding infection, ulcers do not heal for a long time.
3, vascular hemangioma caused by deformity in the limbs, especially in the surgical site, seriously affecting the normal learning and life of patients.
4, the vine's vascular path under the scalp of the baby often develops rapidly, can invade the external stenosis of the skull and can be connected with the internal vein of the skull.
Symptom
Symptoms of vascular hemangioma Common symptoms Skin is hard and cold when it is cold... Skin bleeding spots are perforated or bleeding
1. The subcutaneous hemangioma of the head and face is more common in the cheeks of the neck. A round or elliptical bulge can be seen, the skin sometimes flushes, and the subcutaneous vascular pulsation and peristalsis are faintly visible under the skin. It can feel tremors when touched, and can touch the blood vessels and pulsations of the soft-expanded filaments. The local temperature increases, the mass can be reduced when pressed, and the pulsation can disappear when compressed. Auscultation audible and vascular murmurs, confined to the vascular hemangioma at the extremities of the extremities, can see irregular soft lumps attached to the fingers (toes) or palms (sole), the skin can be purple-gray, touch There is a tremor and pulsation. It can be reduced when oppressed. The pulsation disappears when compressed, and it is clinically misdiagnosed as cavernous hemangioma.
2. Vascular hemangioma can have pain, because the subcutaneous nerve can be intertwined with the hemangioma, and the vascular tumor is caused by pulling the nerve. Sometimes vascular hemangioma invades the skin and can cause local ulcers, often bleeding infections, and the ulcers do not heal for a long time. Because of the short circuit of the artery, the arterial blood containing oxygen and nutrients does not pass through the surface microcirculation of the surface of the vascular hemangioma, and flows directly into the vein to return to the systemic circulation. The skin of the vascular hemangioma does not receive the normal microcirculation to supply nutrients. Causes local skin tissue dystrophies, degeneration and necrosis, ulcer bleeding, long-term non-healing.
3. The vascular vascular path under the scalp of the baby often develops rapidly, which can invade the external stenosis of the skull and connect with the internal vein of the skull. Therefore, it should be treated early.
Examine
Examination of vascular hemangioma
1. Histopathological examination: performing a suction or a biopsy.
2, X-ray examination: the lesion area is a high density shadow.
3. Ultrasound exploration: showing the extent and depth of tumor invasion. Doppler ultrasound showed diffuse color flow and fast-flowing arterial spectrum.
4, CT scan, MRI and so on.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of vascular hemangioma
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on the cause, symptoms and related tests.
Differential diagnosis
1, the symptoms and signs of cervical hemangioma depends on the type, size, location, depth and extent of the tumor. Most hemangiomas invade superficial tissues, such as subcutaneous tissue of the skin; invasive muscles, deep blood vessels, throat, pharynx, cervical vertebrae and other tissues are less. If it has invaded deep tissues, there are some corresponding symptoms, such as dysphagia, airway obstruction, hematemesis, and massive bleeding.
2, congenital hemangioma: also known as erythema, wine stains. Immediately after birth, it is a light red or dark red plaque, which does not fade, does not rise above the surface of the skin, is located in the dermis, and is composed of a capillary network. After birth, the erythema grows proportionally with the growth of the body, but the scope does not expand. Red spotted owl cannot resolve on its own. In addition to affecting the appearance of erythema, there is no other hazard, and cryotherapy can be used if necessary.
3, capillary hemangioma is more common in the skin, with the most occipital, head, limbs and back, many longer than the lips and tongue. The ocular capillary hemangioma occurs at most within 3 months after birth, and the subsequent 3 months grows faster. Capillary hemangioma varies in size and can occupy most of the face or limbs, only a few millimeters small, slightly above the skin. Capillary hemangioma usually exists after birth, grows rapidly within 6 months, and gradually stops growing after one or two years of age. It affects the appearance and the risk of major bleeding after damage. Parents should pay close attention. If the hemangioma is small, the growth rate is slow, not at the exposed site, and it can be resolved by itself after it stops growing. If the growth rate of hemangiomas is fast and seriously affects the appearance, it should be treated immediately, and can be treated by phototherapy, a new generation of photodynamics.
4, cavernous hemangioma: can occur in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and even liver, kidney and so on. Such as intracranial cavernous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma in the orbit, spinal cavernous hemangioma, hepatic cavernous hemangioma. The appearance is purple-red, surrounded by sinuous, swelled small veins, soft and elastic, compressed when squeezed, and restored after withdrawal. This hemangioma increases with the age of the baby and sometimes grows large and deep, severely damaging the appearance and destroying normal tissue. Once diagnosed, treatment should be performed immediately, with ultrasound micro-mediated, high-frequency electrode or surgical resection.
5, vascular keratomas are rare, more common in children or youth, but can also be seen in the elderly. Some manifestations are toe (finger) stretching red or dark red round papules, the surface is proliferating, rough and hard. The strong pressure can fade, and the capillary network can be seen in the center. This type is more common in women. The other is a male patient, more common in middle and old age, showing red or dark red round macules of the entire scrotal skin. The surface is hyperkeratotic, rough and hard. Lesions can be multiple, often complicated with varicocele.
