acute urethritis
Introduction
Introduction to acute urethritis Urethritis refers to the inflammation of the urethral mucosa. It is a common disease and is more common in women. It is clinically divided into acute and chronic urethritis, non-specific urethritis and gonococcal urethritis. The latter two clinical manifestations are similar and must be Identification based on medical history and bacteriological examination. This disease is caused by retrograde invasion of the urethra by pathogenic bacteria. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: orchitis epididymitis prostatitis premature ejaculation male infertility vaginitis cervicitis annexitis endometritis pelvic inflammatory disease infertility abortion ectopic pregnancy respiratory infection
Cause
Cause of acute urethritis
Physical factors (15%)
Urethral mucosal abrasion caused by urethral instrument examination can destroy the urinary tract mucosal defense function and cause bacterial infection. Or foreign objects placed in the outside world or stones in the urethra, etc., pause for a long time can lead to urinary tract infection.
Physiological factors (25%)
Urethral obstruction: such as stenosis of the foreskin, urethral stricture, urethral stricture, posterior urethral valve, urethral tumor, female hymen umbrella, urethra hymen fusion, etc., due to poor urination, urine accumulation in the urethra can be secondary urinary tract infection.
Pathological factors (35%)
Adjacent organ inflammation, such as prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, vaginitis or cervicitis can spread to the urethra, which is often a stubborn lesion of chronic posterior urethritis.
Life factor (5%)
Often associated with sexual life, unclean sex can easily cause urinary tract infections.
Prevention
Acute urethritis prevention
1. Develop hand-washing habits: The investigation found that human hands have a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, such as chlamydia, mycoplasma, etc., which can invade the urethra to cause infection by dissolving this link, so it is also important to develop good hygiene habits. Especially before and after meals.
2. Frequently clean the vulva and anus, the female care solution with the weak acid formula is more suitable for daily cleaning and maintenance: the order should be paid attention to when cleaning, first wash the vulva and then wash the anus, do not reverse the course; towels and basins must be specially Dedicated, otherwise bacteria can easily invade the urethra.
3. Choose, for example, a feminine care solution and a sanitary napkin: Be sure to use the Ph4 weak acid formula to prevent the inferior product from damaging the normal flora of the human body, but to reduce the local resistance. Buy sanitary napkins should pay attention to product quality, and should not be stored for a long time, so as not to breed bacteria, cause vulvar and vaginal infections, when there are symptoms of genital itching, increased vaginal discharge should go to the doctor as soon as possible.
4. Drink as much water as possible: clinically prove that drinking plenty of water every day, urinating once every 2-3 hours, therefore, this pollution-free method has an irreplaceable role in the pre- or post-diarrhea phase of urethritis.
5. Pay attention to personal hygiene: take a bath, do not advocate bathing, clothing should be stored separately; always change underwear, especially new underwear or long-wearing underwear, wash and dry before wearing; good penetration, strong hygroscopicity Cotton underwear, as little as possible to wear tight pants or jeans, more penetrating skirts, which is very important to protect women's health.
6. Choose cotton underwear: avoid wearing tight pants and underwear, choose cotton underwear that absorbs sweat comfortably to keep the genitals clean and dry, and reduce the chance of bacterial growth.
7. Ensuring adequate sleep and regular sexual life: The role of sleep is self-evident, and it plays a decisive role in the prevention and treatment of all diseases. Therefore, remember not to stay up late, otherwise it will reduce your body's resistance to disease. It is also necessary to grasp the frequency of sexual life. If the sex life is more than 3 times a week, the incidence of urinary tract infection is greatly increased, and the number of times should be appropriately reduced in the special stage of summer.
8. Urination as soon as possible after sexual intercourse: The purpose of urinating is nothing more than washing away bacteria, reducing accumulation, and cleaning the private parts with a feminine care solution with a delicate acid formula.
Complication
Acute urethritis complications Complications orchitis epididymitis prostatitis premature ejaculation male infertility vaginitis cervicitis annex inflammation endometritis pelvic inflammatory disease infertility abortion ectopic pregnancy respiratory infection
Because acute urethritis symptoms do not affect normal life, it is a small illness that feels acute urethritis. After a long time, it becomes chronic urethritis. Many complications will occur at this time.
Such as men can be complicated by orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis, epididymis nodules, fallopian tube obstruction, sperm quality decreased, impotence, premature ejaculation, male infertility.
Women can be complicated by vaginitis, cervicitis, annexitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, severe urethritis and even lead to female infertility or miscarriage, stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight, pus eye drops, respiratory infections, etc. .
Symptom
Acute urethritis symptoms Common symptoms Urethral mucosa valgus with urgency and dysuria Urinary tract urethral urethral discharge secretion Urethral burning urinary tract adhesions urinating tingling urinating fear of children with blood
1. The main symptom of acute urethritis in male patients is that there are more urethral secretions, which begin to be mucous and gradually become purulent. In female patients, urethral secretions are rare.
2, urinary tract urinary tract has burning pain, frequent urination and urgency, and even dysuria.
3, the general symptoms are mild, easy to be ignored.
Examine
Examination of acute urethritis
1, urinary tract irritation.
2, the urethra is red and swollen, there is purulent secretion, there may be tenderness along the urethra.
3, there are a lot of red blood cells, white blood cells in the urine, the first cup of urine in the three cups of urine test is obviously abnormal.
4, urethral secretion smear stain test or bacterial culture has pathogenic bacteria, can be identified with gonococcal urethritis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute urethritis
diagnosis
Diagnosis of urethritis In addition to the history and physical signs, urethral secretions should be smear-stained or cultured to identify pathogenic bacteria. If a male patient has no urethral secretions, he should have a three-cup urine test. In the acute phase of the urethra, avoid using equipment examination. Chronic urethritis requires a urethroscopic cystoscopy to determine the cause of the disease. Metal urethral strips can sometimes be used to test for stenosis in the urethra and urethrography if necessary.
Differential diagnosis
1. Acute cystitis mainly manifests as urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria and other bladder irritation. However, patients with cystitis mainly suffer from urinary terminal pain, and bacterial growth occurs in the middle urine culture.
2. Acute pyelonephritis mainly manifests as urinary tract irritation such as sudden urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. Often accompanied by low back pain and chills, fever and other symptoms, physical examination has kidney pain. Urine routine examination has pus cells.
3. Acute prostatitis also manifests as frequent urination, urgency and dysuria. However, prostatitis has perineal discomfort, dysuria and fever; rectal examination revealed enlarged prostate with tenderness.
4. Gonococcal urethritis also manifests as frequent urination, urgency and dysuria, redness and swelling of the urethra, and thin or purulent secretions. There is often a history of unclean sexual intercourse, urethral secretion smear examination can be seen gonococcal, can be clearly diagnosed.
5. Bladder tuberculosis also manifested as frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and pus cells found in the urine. There is often a history of urinary tuberculosis, and acid-fast bacilli can be found in urinary acid-fast staining.
6. Trichomonas urethritis also manifests as urinary frequency, urgency and urinary tract burning pain and itching. Trichomonas can be found in urethral secretions.
