cleft lip and palate
Introduction
Introduction to cleft lip and palate Cleft lip and palate is the rabbit's lip that we usually say, and there is a crack in the middle of the upper lip. Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital malformation in the oral and maxillofacial region. On average, one in every 700 babies born has cleft lip and palate. Cleft lip and palate not only seriously affects the appearance of the face, but also directly affects the development of the mouth and nose. It often causes upper respiratory tract infection and otitis media. Children are obviously malnourished due to difficulty in sucking milk, causing serious trauma in children and parents. The treatment of cleft lip and palate is a series of treatments, which are indispensable. The purpose of treatment is to restore the normal shape of the upper lip and normal language function. In order to obtain satisfactory surgical results, the timing of the surgery is very important. Cleft lip and palate is divided into: unilateral cleft lip and palate and bilateral cleft lip and palate. At present, the best operation time for cleft lip at home and abroad is 3 months after birth, which means unilateral cleft lip and palate. The best period of treatment for infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate in 12 months after cleft palate. Cleft lip surgery is often accompanied by different degrees of nasal deformity, that is, flattened nostrils, collapse, nose tip, etc., should be corrected at the age of 8 nasal deformity. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005%--0.01% Susceptible people: good for children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: fracture
Cause
Cause of cleft lip and palate
Lack of nutrition (20%):
In the experimental animal research, it was found that mice lacking food components such as vitamin A, B2 and folic acid can produce deformities such as cleft lip, and whether humans will also cause congenital malformation due to lack of such substances is not very clear. Therefore, nutritional deficiencies in early pregnancy may be one of the causes of the disease.
Infection and injury (20%):
If the mother suffers some kind of damage in the early stage of pregnancy, especially the damage of the uterus and its adjacent parts, such as improper incomplete abortion or unscientific drug abortion, it can affect the development of the embryo and cause deformity. The mother's viral infections such as rubella can also affect the development of the embryo and become a possible cause of cleft lip.
Endocrine effects (12%):
Infants born in early pregnancy have a congenital malformation in infants born after hormone therapy. In addition, in the investigation of the family history of children with cleft lip, some mothers have also found various obvious traumatic factors in the early stage of pregnancy. It is inferred that there may be a stress reaction resulting in an increase in the secretion of adrenocortical hormone in the body. Inducing congenital malformations.
Drug factors (23%):
Most drugs enter the embryo through the placenta after entering the mother. Some drugs may affect the development of the embryo and cause malformations. Currently known anti-tumor drugs (such as cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, etc.), anticonvulsant drugs (phenytoin), antihistamines, and Minkjing and some of them for treating vomiting. Some sleeping pills (such as thalidomide) can cause fetal malformations.
Alcohol and tobacco factors (12%):
In the early pregnancy, a large number of cigarettes and alcohol abuse, the incidence of cleft lip in children is higher than that of women who are not interested in smoke-free wine, and thus is one of the possible factors leading to cleft lip in the fetus.
The causes of cleft lip in newborns include physical damage, such as during fetal development, frequent exposure to radiation or microwaves in pregnant women, which may affect the growth and development of the fetus and become a possible cause of cleft lip.
Prevention
Cleft lip and palate prevention
1. Nutritional balance: Mother is the only source of nutrition for the fetus. A balanced and diverse diet is very important during pregnancy. Everything you eat and drink during pregnancy can affect your baby. Eat more vegetables and fresh fruit, and eat less sugar, salt and processed food.
2. Emotional stability: When pregnant women have anxiety, anxiety, irritability, fear and other unhealthy emotions, adrenocortical hormone may hinder the fusion of certain tissues of the embryo, causing fetal cleft lip or palate;
3. Early treatment of diseases: pregnant women with diabetes, anemia, gynecological diseases and hypothyroidism should be treated as soon as possible;
4. Careful use of drugs: the application of hormones or anti-tumor drugs, anti-histamine drugs during pregnancy, may lead to fetal malformations;
5. Avoid colds: The investigation found that many mothers with cleft lip and palate have a cold in the first trimester, which is one of the important factors leading to cleft lip and palate;
6. Prevention of viruses: women during pregnancy should pay special attention to prevent viral infections such as rubella;
7. Abstaining alcohol and tobacco: A study in Mexico showed that cleft lip and palate is caused by the development of the upper lip and upper jaw of the baby during the embryonic period. Long-term smoking and alcohol abuse in pregnant women lead to abnormal embryonic development;
8. Master the timing of birth: Doctors say that parents under the age of 20 and over 35 are most likely to have deformed children, because under 20 is not fully mature, and older than 35 has begun to age, so women are best at 25 Born between the ages of 30 and 30;
Complication
Cleft lip and palate complications Complications
Cleft lip and palate not only seriously affects the appearance of the face, but also directly affects the development of the mouth and nose. It often causes upper respiratory tract infection and otitis media. Children are obviously malnourished due to difficulty in sucking milk, causing serious trauma in children and parents.
Severe rabbit lips can affect breastfeeding and prevent breastfeeding, which can lead to malnutrition in children. When the child speaks during growth and development, the words are unclear and affect the development of the language. In addition, due to the defects in their appearance, the ridicule of the surrounding partners after entering the school age will cause the child to feel inferior, which will cause serious psychological obstacles.
Symptom
Cleft lip and palate symptoms common symptoms
The cleft lip only causes facial deformity, which rarely hinders the child's breast pumping. However, in the cleft palate, due to the absence of a gap between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity, the necessary negative pressure cannot be formed in the oral cavity during sucking, so that the child has difficulty in sucking milk, resulting in malnutrition. Because the mouth is in communication with the nasal cavity, the oral cavity is poorly cleaned, which is prone to otitis media and respiratory infections. Seriously, due to the dysphonic disorder caused by cleft palate, the child's speech is unclear and has an open nasal sound.
Examine
Cleft lip and palate examination
Visual inspection, finger palpation can detect the extent of hard palate defects, if surgery is required, a systematic examination will be performed before surgery.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cleft lip and palate
According to the medical history and the results of the consultation, the diagnosis is clear and no identification is needed.
