skull base tumor
Introduction
Introduction to skull base tumor The skull base tumor refers to the skull base and its adjacent structure. Some tumors grow from the intracranial to the extracranial or from the extracranial to the intracranial, through the skull base, or destroy the skull base bone, and grow in the skull. Therefore, part of the tumor is located in the skull, and part of the tumor is located outside the skull. There are many types of skull base tumors, and the three cranial fossa ranges are divided before, during and after clinical. The anterior cranial fossa tumor originates from the osteochondroma and osteogenic sarcoma of the frontal bone, the anterior cranial fossa meningioma, and malignant tumors originating in the nasal cavity. In the early stage, there may be olfactory loss or loss, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting), mental symptoms, seizures; tumors communicated by cranial sputum may have eyeballs, diplopia and vision loss or blindness. According to experts, skull base tumors are usually treated with surgery. The location and characteristics of early diagnosis of tumors are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of skull base tumors. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.0023% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious complication:
Cause
The cause of skull base tumor
There are many types of skull base tumors, tumors occur in the skull base and its adjacent structures, and some tumors can develop from intracranial to extracranial or from extracranial to intracranial. Tumors can grow through the skull base or in the skull after destroying the skull base. According to experts, skull base tumors are usually treated with surgery. The location and characteristics of early diagnosis of tumors are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of skull base tumors.
Prevention
Skull base tumor prevention
Pregnant couples should adjust their living habits to avoid congenital diseases caused by adverse factors; children should develop good habits from childhood and avoid possible tumor factors.
Complication
Skull base tumor complications Complication
The anterior cranial fossa tumor may have olfactory loss and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Cavernous sinus tumors may have paralysis of the oculomotor nerve, abductor nerve, and the like.
Tumors of the cerebellar pons and jugular veins may have symptoms of trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, auditory nerve damage, dysphagia, and cough.
Respiratory dysfunction may occur after surgery for slopes and large occipital tumors.
Symptom
Symptoms of skull base tumors Common symptoms Increased intracranial pressure, white matter demyelination, intracranial headache, facial numbness, ataxia, white matter, atrophy, diplopia, eyeball, mental disorder, tongue muscle paralysis
(1) anterior cranial fossa tumor: osteochondroma and osteogenic sarcoma originating from the frontal bone, meningioma of the anterior cranial fossa, and malignant tumors originating from the nasal cavity are more common. In the early stage, there may be olfactory loss or loss, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting), mental symptoms, seizures; tumors communicated by cranial sputum may have eyeballs, diplopia and vision loss or blindness.
(2) Tumors in the middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus: The infratemporal fossa tumors originate from the middle cranial fossa meningioma, trigeminal schwannomas and angiofibroma, and may also invade the skull in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Common symptoms are facial numbness or pain, masticatory muscle and diaphragmatic atrophy, and cavernous sinus occlusion such as dizziness, diplopia, diplopia, and ocular dyskinesia. There may also be seizures and the like.
(3) posterior cranial fossa and cerebellar ganglion tumor: slope meningioma and chordoma can occur on one or both sides of multiple III ~ VIII cranial nerve palsy, chordoma often has a prominent mass in the nasopharynx. Tumors in the jugular foramen can be seen from IX to XI cranial nerve palsy. Sublingual neuroma is characterized by paralysis or atrophy of one of the tongue muscles. Large tumors can have dizziness, ataxia and other brainstem symptoms.
(4) Tumors in the oblique zone: mainly in the later group, mainly cranial nerve symptoms, common diplopia, facial numbness, limited eye movement, diet cough, followed by headache, dizziness, hemiplegia or hemiplegia, ataxia (drunk Han gait) and so on.
Examine
Examination of skull base tumor
(1) Head ct and mri examination: Identify the tumor site.
(2) vascular development examination: skull base tumor blood supply is rich or closely related to the internal carotid artery and other aorta, should be a whole brain dsa examination, can also be cta check to understand the main blood supply artery and drainage vein, pay attention to whether the tumor is wrapped Larger blood vessels.
(3) According to the skull base tumor site before surgery, visual field of vision, electrical audiometry and brainstem evoked potential examination.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of skull base tumor
There are many types of skull base tumors, tumors occur in the skull base and its adjacent structures, and some tumors can develop from intracranial to extracranial or from extracranial to intracranial. Tumors can grow through the skull base or in the skull after destroying the skull base. According to experts, skull base tumors are usually treated with surgery. The location and characteristics of early diagnosis of tumors are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of skull base tumors. The following types of skull base tumors are more common:
1. Pituitary tumor: pituitary tumor pituitary tumor is a tumor that occurs in the pituitary gland, usually called pituitary adenoma, is one of the common neuroendocrine tumors, accounting for about 10%-15% of central nervous system tumors. The vast majority of pituitary adenomas are benign tumors. Pituitary tumors usually occur in young adults and often affect the patient's growth and development, fertility, learning and work ability.
2. Craniopharyngioma: A craniopharyngioma originates from the squamous epithelial cells that remain in the pituitary embryogenesis. It is a common congenital intracranial benign tumor in the category of skull base tumors, mostly located on the saddle. A few are in the saddle. There are many different names for craniopharyngioma, which are related to the initial site and growth, such as saddle cyst, cranial buccal tumor, pituitary tube tumor, ameloblastoma, epithelial cyst, enamel and so on. The onset of craniopharyngioma is mostly in children and adolescents. Its main clinical features are hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, increased intracranial pressure, visual and visual impairment, diabetes insipidus, and neurological and psychiatric symptoms.
3. Saddle nodule meningioma: Saddle nodule meningioma includes meningioma originating from saddle nodules, anterior cleft, saddle septum, and sphenoidal platform. The cause of saddle nodule meningioma is unclear. Some people think that it is related to internal environmental changes and genetic variation, but it is not caused by a single factor. Craniocerebral trauma, radiation exposure, viral infection, etc., which may cause chromosomal mutation or cell division speed may be related to the occurrence of meningioma.
4. Cavernous sinus tumor: The tumor in the cavernous sinus area is mostly meningioma, but the meningioma that is actually originated in the cavernous sinus is rare, mostly caused by the invasion of adjacent parts, such as sphenoid bone, saddle nodule, Rock bones, slopes, etc., usually cavernous sinus meningioma refers to the tumor has invaded the internal structure of the cavernous sinus.
