Big toe and big toe
Introduction
Introduction The large distance between the big toe and the two toes is a symptom of the limbs of some patients with genetic diseases. In addition, there are small limbs, short limbs, multiple fingers (toes), fingers (toes), short fingers, spider fingers (toes), rocking chair feet, elbow valgus, hip dislocation and so on. Genetic diseases refer to diseases caused by changes in genetic material. It is congenital, lifelong and familial. Therefore, there is no particularly effective cure for this symptom. Pregnant women can monitor the birth period and related precautions to reduce the birth of children with the disease. In addition, the distance between the big toe and the two toes is large, and if conditions permit, it can be corrected by surgery.
Cause
Cause
A series of symptoms of chromosomal abnormalities caused by genetic factors. Should pay attention to the prenatal and postnatal care check to see if there is a hereditary disease, pay attention to adjust the diet to ensure sleep, while paying attention to the effects of radiation, the possibility of genetic chromosomal variation, attention to distinguish is physiological, pathological For external factors, etc., symptomatic analysis and adjustment treatment is better.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Toe long flexor muscle strength test toe long extensor muscle strength test toe dorsiflexion test
The symptoms and signs of genetic diseases are diverse, and the following common manifestations can be used as a reference for the initial diagnosis of genetic diseases:
1, general condition: stunting, weight lower than age, intelligent developmental disorders, mental and behavior and others, such as crying like a cat.
2, the head: small head, giant head, boat head, small jaw, occipital flat, full moon face. Wide eye distance, internal suede, small eyeball, no eyeball, small eye crack, ocular external oblique, dangerous drooping, no iris, blue sclera, strabismus, nystagmus, corneal opacity, cataract, color vision abnormalities, myopia. Low ear, small ear, giant ear, deafness, ear shell deformity. The bridge of the nose collapses and the nose is wide. Cleft lip, splitting, giant tongue, tongue extension, tooth deformity, etc.
3, the neck: wide neck, neck, short neck, hairline low and so on.
4, trunk: chicken breast, shield chest, spina bifida, wide breast spacing, abnormal breast development, sputum and so on.
5, limbs: small limbs, short limbs, multi-finger (toe), and fingers (toe), short fingers, spider fingers (toe), finger between the big toe and the second toe, rocking chair foot, elbow valgus, hip Dislocation and so on.
6, skin: skin lines change, hyperkeratosis, fish scales, no sweat, abnormal skin color (hyperpigmentation or reduction), hairy and so on.
7, external genitalia and anus: cryptorchidism, external genital hypoplasia, hypospadias, small penis, clitoris hypertrophy, large and small labia majora or too small, anal atresia.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Hallux valgus: The thumb is deflected outward, squeezing the second toe, raising the second toe, above the big toe, forming a spade toe. The skin above the second toe is thickened by the friction of the shoes, or forms an ulcer. The inside of the base of the big toe is prominent, and the skin is thickened and tender. Local swelling, redness and tenderness were observed when bursitis occurred. Due to the change in the negative focus of the foot, the palm of the foot is compressed, the skin is thickened and painful. In the late first metatarsophalangeal joint, osteoarthritis occurred, activity was limited, pain was aggravated, and walking was affected.
X-ray films showed that the big toe was deflected outward and the distance between the first and second metatarsal bones increased. The inside of the first metatarsal bone forms an epiphysis. In the advanced stage, the first metatarsophalangeal joint space is narrowed and the bone around the joint is hyperplasia.
Mental retardation: characterized by a special appearance that is easily recognizable. Regardless of races and ethnic groups, their appearances have similar common features: the distance between the eyes is wide, the outer corners of the two eyes are oblique, and the lingual groove is deep and deep, which is called the "scrotal tongue". The palm is thick and short and thick. Short and often inwardly curved or only two knuckles, 40% of children have a common palm, the palma atd angle is greater than 45°, the sacral pattern, the sacral side of the ball area, the big toe and the second toe . Relaxation of the joint ligament or low muscle tone. About 1/2 of patients have congenital heart disease. Susceptible to infectious diseases and leukemia, the prevalence is 20 times higher than normal.
