Bladder irritation sign
Introduction
Introduction Bladder irritation refers to frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria, also known as urinary tract irritation. Normal people urinate 4 to 6 times during the day and 0 to 2 times during the night. If the number of urination is >8 times per day, it is called urinary frequency. Urinary urgency refers to the feeling that urine should be urinated immediately; dysuria refers to the bladder when urinating. The pain caused by the area and the urethral opening, the nature of the pain is burning or stinging. For patients with recurrent episodes of acute cystitis, it is necessary to carefully examine the various pathogenic factors that may enhance infection, and correct them in time. If no obvious pathogenic factors are found, preventive antibiotics must be used.
Cause
Cause
1, urinary tract infection: chivalry refers to bacteria caused, broadly refers to all pathogenic microorganisms together with urinary tract inflammation, including: bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycoplasma, chlamydia, parasites and so on. There are often white blood cell urine, and pathogenic microorganisms (culture, microscopy) can be found in the urine.
2, urethral syndrome: related to mental factors. More common in women, the middle part of the urine culture is mostly negative, after the exclusion of urinary tract irritation caused by organic diseases, may consider the diagnosis of the disease, most of which are related to mental factors.
3, ureteral stones (especially ureteral bladder wall stones).
4, bladder tumor: hematuria is often prominent.
5, interstitial cystitis: can be seen in connective tissue disease, more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); can not find the cause, called idiopathic interstitial cystitis.
6, hemorrhagic cystitis: common in patients with cyclophosphamide (anti-tumor drugs).
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Bladder contrast urine volume bladder ultrasound examination bladder residual urine volume
Laboratory examination: blood is normal, or there is a slight increase in white blood cells. Urine analysis often has pyuria or bacteriuria, and sometimes hematuria or microscopic hematuria can be found. Pathogenic bacteria can be found in urine culture. If there are no other urinary diseases, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are normal.
X-ray examination: If you suspect kidney infection or other genitourinary tract abnormalities, X-ray examination is required. For patients with Proteus infection, if the treatment effect is poor or no effect at all, X-ray examination should be performed to determine whether there is a urinary calculi.
Device examination: cystoscopy should be performed when bleeding is obvious, but it must be done after the acute phase of infection or after the infection has been adequately treated.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Acute pyelonephritis needs to be distinguished from acute cystitis. In addition to bladder irritation, the former has chills, high fever and kidney pain. Tuberculous cystitis develops slowly, is chronic cystitis symptoms, poor response to drug treatment, acid-fast bacilli can be found in the urine, and urography shows that the affected kidney has tuberculosis. The difference between cystitis and interstitial cystitis, the latter is clear in urine, very few pus cells, no bacteria, severe pain when the bladder is full, and the bladder on the suprapubic bladder can reach the full and tender bladder. The clinical manifestations of eosinophilic cystitis are similar to those of general cystitis. The difference is that the former has eosinophils in the urine and infiltrates the bladder mucosa. The differential diagnosis of cystitis and glandular cystitis mainly depends on cystoscopy and biopsy.
In female patients, acute bacterial cystitis must be differentiated from other genitourinary infections. External vaginitis is similar to bladder inflammation, but pathogenic bacteria can be diagnosed by pelvic examination and vaginal secretions. Acute urethral syndrome can cause frequent urination and dysuria, but urine culture colony counts are low or sterile. Acute pyelonephritis can present with bladder irritation, but there is low back pain and fever.
In children, certain detergents or mites can cause irritation of the vulva and urethra and are similar to the symptoms of cystitis.
In male patients, acute bacterial cystitis must be differentiated from urinary tract, prostate and kidney infections, and appropriate physical examinations and laboratory tests can be identified.
The symptoms of non-infectious cystitis are similar to those of bacterial cystitis. For example, cystitis caused by anti-tumor therapy (radiotherapy, chemotherapy), interstitial cystitis, eosinophilic cystitis, bladder tumors, etc. must be made one by one. Identification.
Some patients are often afflicted with dysuria, urgency, and exhaustion, and some people even have hematuria. According to experts, most of them are suffering from acute cystitis.
