paralysis
Introduction
Introduction Definition: The performance of the limbs unable to move independently. Due to the obstacles in the neurological skills, part of the body completely or incompletely loses its athletic ability/metaphoric mechanism and is unable to work properly. refers to the decline or disappearance of voluntary movements. Clinically, sputum is divided into functional sputum and organic sputum. The former is caused by psychogenicity, that is, snoring. Organic sputum can be divided into upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, and myopathy according to the anatomy of the lesion.
Cause
Cause
Cortical motor projection zone and upper motor neuron pathway are damaged by lesions, which can cause upper motor neuron spasm. Common causes include craniocerebral trauma, tumor, inflammation, cerebrovascular disease, degeneration, poisoning, and certain diseases of internal medicine. Such as diabetes, blood porphyria, macrocytic anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Cerebrospinal fluid-bound myelin basic protein brain evoked potential brain ultrasound examination protein electrophoresis
The necessary selective laboratory tests include: blood routine, blood electrolytes, blood sugar, and urea nitrogen.
The necessary optional auxiliary inspection items include:
1. Bottom of the skull, CT and MRI examinations.
2. Cerebrospinal fluid examination.
3. Chest, ECG, ultrasound.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The diagnosis should be differentiated from the following symptoms:
1. Lower motor neuron spasm, also known as peripheral sputum. The motor neuron spasm of the limbs is symmetrical. It is caused by motor neuron disease, which is characterized by the lower motor neuron symmetry of the limbs. The clinical manifestations are the slow progression of tonic muscle weakness. In primary lateral sclerosis, the muscles in the distal part of the limb are absent. In the progressive pseudobulbar medulla, the muscle weakness of the posterior cranial nerve is mainly . Muscle twitching and muscle atrophy can occur many years later, and these diseases usually result in the total loss of patient mobility after several years of progression.
2. The central iliac crest of the lower extremity is the clinical manifestation of congenital hydrocephalus. When the hydrocephalus is severe and the progress is rapid, it may also appear. The symptom is repeated vomiting. Brain degeneration, brain developmental disorders, central limb spasm, especially lower limbs.
3. Lower extremity muscle spasm: is a symptom of spinal cord compression. Sensory disturbances, changes in muscle dyskinesia and tendon reflexes, sphincter dysfunction, nutritional disorders, and autonomic dysfunction are clinical manifestations.
4. Muscle spasm below the thigh or below the knee: seen in the sciatic nerve injury, diagnosis basis, history of trauma or history of injection, muscle spasm below the thigh or below the knee, muscle branch in the branch of the nerve branch. The area below the calf is partially lost. Electromyography can confirm the diagnosis.
5. Eye muscle spasm: Eye movement (III), trochleat (IV) and abduction (VI) The cranial nerves are the motor nerves that control the eye muscles. The head injury can affect the extraocular muscles and III, IV, VI causes various forms of eye tendon to the cranial nerve. Mainly do eye examination, brain CT to exclude intracranial organic lesions.
6. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius tendon have atrophy: when the injury of one side of the spinal nerve branch or the damage of the spinal cord, the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and trapezius tendon, and atrophy, due to The contralateral sternocleidomastoid is dominant, so when it is calm, the chin is turned to the affected side, and when it is forced, it is weak to the contralateral side, the affected side is drooping, the shoulder cannot be shrug, the shoulder blade is skewed, and the muscles it is atrophied, Due to the displacement of the scapula, the brachial plexus is subjected to chronic traction, which limits the lifting and abduction of the upper limb of the affected side. In the late stage, due to the scar stimulation, the hernia contraction (rose neck) deformity can occur, and when the bilateral side is damaged, the patient's head and neck are reclined. And anterior flexion, parasacral injury caused by skull base fracture or gunshot wound, jugular vein hole lesion, occipital macropore area lesion, cerebral cerebellopontine angle lesion and cerebral nucleus lesion caused by extensive lesions of skull base Often with the posterior group of cranial nerves and other cranial nerve damage at the same time, and brain stem nucleus, the damage of the cranial nerve is often more and bilateral.
7. Otogenic facial nerve spasm refers to a single side facial muscle paralysis caused by ear disease or surgical injury of a facial nerve. More common in acute and chronic suppurative otitis media, mastoiditis and its complications. Peripheral facial paralysis on the affected side, accompanied by ipsilateral hearing allergy with different lesions and degrees, 2/3 taste disappearance in front of the tongue, dry eyes and other symptoms.
8. Quadriplegia refers to the decline or disappearance of the free movement of the limbs.
