Acral ischemia
Introduction
Introduction Symptoms caused by insufficient blood supply at the extremities of the extremities. Vascular injury and occlusion can also lead to damage to the tissue nerve injury, causing autonomic neuropathy of the limb blood vessels to weaken the vascular movement, reduce the local tissue resistance, cause microscopic trauma to cause infection, and due to local sensory disturbance, the tiny lesion cannot be timely Treatment leads to a rapid spread of the wound. At the same time, due to limb dysfunction, it is also easy to cause burns. Excessive blood sugar can cause blood vessels to become hard, brittle, thicken, the ability of blood vessels to deform, and blood supply is insufficient; on the other hand, increased blood viscosity also leads to inflammation of blood vessels, which can lead to blood vessel thrombosis.
Cause
Cause
1. Because diabetic patients have long-term hyperglycemia, blood viscosity increases, excessive blood sugar can cause blood vessels to become hard, become brittle, thicken, the ability of blood vessel deformation is reduced, blood supply is insufficient; on the other hand, blood is thick Increased degree also leads to vascular inflammation. For many reasons, blood vessels can form blood clots, causing occlusion of blood vessels, leading to a serious loss of blood supply, malnutrition of the organs, and poor metabolism. If the body tissues and organs are in this state, it is easy to cause Organ necrosis, because the "foot" is farthest from the heart, the vascular occlusion phenomenon is the most serious, it is easy to cause edema, blackening, rot, necrosis, formation of foot necrosis.
2, on the other hand: vascular injury and occlusion, can also lead to damage to the tissue nerve damage, causing autonomic neuropathy of the limb blood vessels to weaken the vascular movement, local tissue resistance is reduced, micro-trauma can cause infection, but also due to local sensory disturbance Small lesions cannot be treated in time, leading to rapid expansion of the wound. At the same time, due to limb dysfunction, it is also easy to cause burns. Neuropathy can cause small muscle atrophy in the foot, resulting in claw-like toes (especially the third, fourth and fifth toes) due to long-term non-resistance traction.
This deformity makes the humeral head a support point for the weight of the sole. Due to friction, there is a sputum formation, which is highly prone to infection and penetrating ulcers, and the severe spread to nearby bones causes osteoarthritis. Due to the deep feeling disappearance and the joint movement reflex disorder, some patients are unconsciously overloaded, and some protective effects on multiple repeated traumas are lost, making the joints and joint surfaces very irregular and prone to fractures. , joint dislocation and subluxation, especially the metatarsophalangeal joint.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Skin color vascular inspection blood sugar
A physical examination can be diagnosed.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Limb ischemia in different conditions should be identified.
Gangrene: After tissue necrosis, it has a special morphological change such as black and dark green due to the infection of secondary spoilage bacteria and other factors, called gangrene. The necrotic tissue is decomposed by spoilage bacteria to produce hydrogen sulfide, which combines with the iron decomposed in hemoglobin to form iron sulfide, making the necrotic tissue black.
Diabetic foot: Diabetic foot refers to the destruction of lower limb infection, ulcer formation and/or deep tissue caused by diabetic neuropathy and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease.
