Traumatic arteriovenous fistula occlusive surgery

Occlusive surgery (a) arterial and venous ligation (b) quadruple ligation and tumor sac resection When collateral blood flow is sufficient, ligation of arteries, veins and complete resection of the tumor sac is an effective and safe operation [Figure 2] . Gangrene rarely occurs after surgery, but often causes chronic ischemia and affects limb function. Therefore, this operation is most suitable for the treatment of small but unimportant arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous tumor.