Exophthalmos

Exophthalmos refers to a person's normal eyeball protrusion within the normal range of 12-14mm, with an average of 13mm. The difference between the two eyes does not exceed 2mm. Eyeball protrusion can be a sign of eye disease or a symptom of systemic disease. In addition to the internal orbital lesions, it is often closely related to the diseases of internal medicine, otolaryngology, neurosurgery and oncology. The normal position of the eyeball in the orbit is maintained by the interaction of the tissues in the orbit. For example, the blood vessels and fat in the posterior tissue, and the normal tension of the oblique muscle tend to move the eyeball forward; while the orbital condyle and its smooth muscles, the tension of the four rectus muscles, and the medial and lateral patellar ligaments have the effect of preventing the eyeball from protruding. All lesions that increase the orbital volume, rectus paralysis, and changes in the orbital cavity due to abnormalities in the orbital bone can cause eyeballs to protrude.