Impaired reflex regulation

Although the respiratory rhythm is generated in the brain, its activity can be regulated by reflexes from the respiratory impulse itself, as well as from the impulses of skeletal muscles and other organ system sensory impulses. Some of the important reflections below (1) stretched lung reflex (2) Respiratory muscle proprioceptive reflexes (three) defensive respiratory reflexes have receptors throughout the airway. They are vagus afferent nerve endings distributed in the mucosal epithelium. When mechanically or chemically stimulated, they cause defensive respiratory reflexes to eliminate irritation. To prevent it from entering the alveoli. 1. Cough reflex is a common important defense reflex. Its receptors are located in the mucous membranes of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The receptors above the large bronchus are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, and those below the secondary bronchus are sensitive to chemical stimuli. Afferent impulses enter the medulla through the vagus nerve, triggering a series of coordinated reflex responses, causing cough reflexes. When you cough, you first inhale briefly or deeply, then the glottis is tightly closed, the expiratory muscles are strongly contracted, the intrapulmonary pressure and the pleural cavity pressure rise sharply, and then the glottis suddenly opens. Due to the extreme pressure difference, the gas is extremely high Speed ​​out of the lungs, expelling foreign bodies or secretions in the respiratory tract. When the cough is severe, the intrapleural pressure is significantly increased, which can hinder the venous flow and increase the venous pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. 2. The sneeze reflex is similar to the cough reflex, the difference is that the stimulus acts on the nasal mucosa receptors, the afferent nerve is the trigeminal nerve, the reflex effect is ptosis, the tongue pressure is toward the soft palate, and the glottis is closed. Spray from the nasal cavity to remove irritants from the nasal cavity. (4) Respiratory reflexes caused by pulmonary capillary (J-) receptors (5) Respiratory effects stimulated by certain points