Facial deformity

Various head and face deformities are caused by abnormal development of the first and second gills of the face bones and ears at 2 months of pregnancy. These deformities include cleft lip and palate: Treacher Collin (mandibular dysplasia), Goldenhar (eye, ear, vertebral dysplasia), Pierre Robin and Waardenbury syndromes; increased inter-organ distance, external and middle ear deformities. Most babies with head and face deformities have normal intelligence and development.