Meningeal irritation

Meningeal irritation is a series of symptoms caused by meningeal lesions, including neck stiffness, Kernig sign, and Brudzinski sign. ① Neck rigidity is an important objective sign in meningeal irritation. It is mainly manifested in different degrees of muscle rigidity, especially the extensor muscles. Head flexion is significantly limited, that is, passive neck flexion encounters resistance, and head flexion is also subject to certain Restricted, the head rotation movement is lightly restricted, and there is no rigidity in the back of the head. It is found in various types of meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, increased intracranial pressure, and cervical disease. ② Kernig's sign is also called flexor knee extension test. The patient supine position flexes the knee joint at right angle, and then passively straightens the flexed leg. When the knee joint cannot be straightened, resistance and pain occur and the knee joint angle is less than 135 °. K was positive at that time. In addition to the positive Kernig sign, there are signs of meningeal irritation, but also posterior root irritation, and lumbosacral nerve root lesions. The pain is limited to the waist and affected limbs. When the meningeal irritation sign is present, the Kernig sign is bilateral, with equal intensity and pain Located on the back of the chest and not limited to the waist and affected limbs. ③ The patient with Brudzinski's sign lies supine, and bilateral medullary and knee flexion occurs when he flexes his neck forward; compressing his bilateral cheeks causes bilateral upper arm abduction and elbow flexion; his lower limb flexion and flexion occur when he taps his pubic symphysis. Adducted, all said Brudzinski sign was positive.