Thoracoabdominal deformity

The funnel chest is a congenital and often familial disease. Males are more common than females, and it has been reported that the male to female ratio is 4: 1, which is associated with dominant inheritance. The incidence of funnel chest was 2.5 ‰ for those with family history, and only 1.0 ‰ for those without family history. The cause of the funnel chest is unknown and is believed to be genetically related. The funnel chest is a progressive lesion that may have existed at birth, but it often becomes more obvious and discovered by parents after months or even years. It is characterized by a sunken fore chest, shoulders extending forward, a slight hump and a protruding upper abdomen. The sternum body (especially the root of the xiphoid process) and its corresponding sides of the 3rd to 6th rib cartilage collapse inward, causing the front chest wall to look like a funnel. Cardiopulmonary function in children. Patients have palpitations and shortness of breath after activity, often with upper respiratory tract and lung infections, and even heart failure. Symptoms became apparent after 3 years of age, with a concave chest, a convex belly, weight loss, and poor development. The funnel chest is often a congenital malformation, which not only involves adverse effects, but should be treated with accumulation. The funnel chest is a funnel-shaped deformity in which the sternum, rib cartilage, and some ribs are sunken into the spine. Most sternum of the funnel chest starts from the second or third rib cartilage level and goes back to the lowest point at the xiphoid process. Point, and then go forward to form a boat-like deformity. Both sides or outside, deformed inwardly to form the two side walls of the funnel chest. The inclination of the ribs of the funnel chest is larger than that of a normal person. The ribs are suddenly recessed from the upper back to the lower front, so that the anterior and posterior sides become closer. In severe cases, the deepest depression of the sternum can reach the spine. The deformities of younger patients with funnel chest are often symmetrical. With age, the funnel chest deformities gradually become asymmetric, the sternum often rotates to the right, the depression of the right costal cartilage is often deeper than the left, and the right breast Development is worse than left. The posterior chest is mostly flat or round. Scoliosis gradually increases with age. Scoliosis is less likely to occur when the child is young. Scoliosis is more pronounced after puberty. The funnel chest deformity compresses the heart and lungs, and the heart is mostly displaced to the left chest cavity. Children often present a unique form of weakness: the neck is extended forward, the shoulders are rounded, and the belly is pot-shaped. The deepest depression at the junction of the sternal body xiphoid. Familial tendency or congenital heart disease.