Low back pain with frequent urination, urgency, dysuria

Low back pain with frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria are one of the clinical symptoms of acute bacterial cystitis. Acute bacterial cystitis is mainly caused by E. coli (usually an Escherichia strain), and rarely caused by Gram-positive aerobic bacteria (Staphylococcus parasiticus and Enterococcus). The infection is usually caused by the urethra ascending to the bladder. The pathogenesis and susceptibility factors of cystitis have been discussed in detail in this chapter. Girls and women are more susceptible to cystitis than boys and adult men. In children, adenovirus infection can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, but it is rare in adults with viral cystitis.