Heart failure in the elderly

Heart failure is a very common clinical manifestation in the clinic, and it is a syndrome of heart failure caused by various heart diseases. It refers to that under normal circumstances of venous blood return, due to decreased myocardial contractility and / or diastolic dysfunction, the cardiac output is absolutely or relatively lower than the needs of systemic tissue metabolism, resulting in hemodynamics and neuro-humoral activity Abnormalities, clinical symptoms and signs of hypoperfusion of the arterial system, pulmonary and / or systemic venous congestion can occur. In terms of hemodynamics, the cardiac pressure is higher than normal due to cardiac diastolic dysfunction (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or left ventricular filling pressure 2.4kPa; right ventricular end-diastolic pressure or right ventricular filling pressure 1.3kPa ) Is heart failure, also known as cardiac insufficiency.