Tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia (TD), also known as tardive dyskinesia and persistent dyskinesia, is induced by antipsychotic drugs and is a persistent and repetitive involuntary movement. Crane (1968) first proposed that it is the most severe and difficult extrapyramidal response caused by antipsychotic treatment, with a very high incidence. The most common are caused by phenothiazines and butyrophenones. The incidence of oral antipsychotics is 20% to 40%, and the incidence of long-acting antipsychotics is about 50%.