Femoral subtrochanteric fracture

Subtrochanteric fracture refers to the fracture from the trochanter of the femur to the middle of the femoral shaft and the proximal junction, that is, the narrowest part of the bone marrow cavity. The incidence of hip fractures ranges from 10% to 34%. There are 2 age distribution groups, 20-40 years old and above. Fractures in the elderly group are mostly caused by low-energy trauma. Fractures in the young group are mostly caused by high-energy injuries, often with other fractures and injuries. Mortality rates for femoral subtrochanteric fractures vary from author to author, ranging from 8.3% to 20.9%. Due to the characteristics of the physiological stress distribution under the femoral trochanter, surgical treatment has a high rate of fracture nonunion and internal fixation failure. After the fracture, the femoral shaft was shortened, deformed externally, and the head and neck of the femur were abducted and tilted back. Therefore, the purpose of the treatment of the femoral subtrochanteric fracture is to correct the adduction, shortening, external rotation of the femoral shaft, and the abduction and retroversion of the femoral head and neck. Therefore, the understanding of the biomechanical characteristics of the subtrochanteric part of the femur, the analysis of fracture types, and the application and indications of various types of internal fixation will directly affect the treatment effect.