Hydronephrosis

Rarely, the renal epithelium migrates to the epithelium and expands cystically. Its occurrence is also divided into congenital and acquired. Unlike the mechanism of inflammatory obstruction in diverticulum, there is no obvious cause of hydronephrosis. It is speculated that a functional obstruction may be formed due to the relaxation of the ring muscles at the entrance of the funnel. The most common symptoms are pain in the upper abdomen and lateral waist, occasionally a lump can be touched, and sometimes it can cause hematuria. Hydronephrosis should be distinguished from multiple nephrolithiasis secondary to ureteral obstruction, pyelonephritis, medullary necrosis, and renal tuberculosis. Hydronephrosis secondary to outlet obstruction can be performed at the renal funnel to improve drainage. If it is due to the expansion of the internal stones, only partial renal resection is required. At present, the percutaneous approach can achieve satisfactory results.