Direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula

Direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula is more common in trauma. A few direct carotid cavernous sinus fistulas are spontaneous, mostly caused by aneurysm rupture of the cavernous sinus segment of the internal carotid artery, and they are indistinguishable from trauma in angioplasty. Various reasons cause the internal carotid artery trunk or branch to be damaged, forming a high-pressure, high-flow fistula between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, resulting in a series of complex clinical manifestations.