Neurological examination

Cranial nerve examination is extremely meaningful for the localized diagnosis of craniocerebral damage. There are 12 pairs of cerebral nerves. Inspection of the cerebral nerves should be performed in order to avoid repetition and omission. There are 12 pairs of cerebral nerves, which are usually named in turn by Roman numerals. The first and second pairs (olfactory and visual) of the brain nerves are the nerve fiber bundles of their secondary and tertiary neurons in the intracranial part. The remaining 10 pairs of brain nerves are connected to the brainstem. The position of the nucleus is mostly near the midline, and the nucleus is felt outside. Part of the first pair of cerebral nerves (paraneurons) originates from the anterior horns of the cervical spinal cord. The brain nerves have sensory fibers and motor fibers, which mainly dominate the head and face. Pairs I, II, and Ⅷ are sensory nerves, pairs III, IV, VI, Ⅺ, and Ⅻ are motor nerves, and pairs V, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, and X are mixed nerves. In addition, Ⅲ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, X contain parasympathetic nerve fibers. Except for the two pairs (the lower part of the ninth and the ninth pair), the inner nuclear innervation of all the neuromotor nuclei of the brain is doubled.