Antisperm antibody

The blood-testis barrier in men can isolate sperm from the immune system, but when this barrier is damaged due to disease or trauma, the escape of sperm or its soluble membrane antigen can cause the body to produce anti-sperm autoantibodies (AsAb), thereby inhibiting Sperm movement and fertilization cause male infertility. The normal female reproductive tract has an enzyme system that can degrade incoming sperm antigens, but the defects of this enzyme system can keep the sperm antigens intact and stimulate the production of the same AsAb. Human sperm antigens are very complex. They include "sperm attachment antigen" (which is actually a variety of seminal plasma components) and sperm-specific cell membrane antigens attached to the surface of sperm. There are about 30 species, some of which are unique to sperm and some are It is non-specific. Some are related to fertility and some are not related to fertility. These antigens can induce the production of corresponding antibodies. With the participation of complement, they can cause sperm dyskinesia and the immune response of allogeneic and autosperm, leading to infertility. There are many methods for determining AsAb. Currently, there are shallow disk micro-agglutination method, eosin Y staining method, test-tube slide agglutination method, solid-phase enzyme staining method, immunobead method, immunowash method, ELISA method, and immunospot method. .