Urinary cadmium

The normal adult cadmium load is 30 to 45 mg, which continuously accumulates after birth, so that the cadmium concentration in the body increases with age, until about 50 years old. The sources of cadmium are food, water, and air. Therefore, pollution of soil and water sources by cadmium-containing waste residues can be harmful to human health. After oral or respiratory absorption of cadmium is transferred to the blood, most of it is concentrated in the kidney and liver, and a small part is distributed in the pancreas, thyroid, gallbladder, testes, and bones. Cadmium is mainly excreted by the urine. A significant decrease in the zinc / cadmium ratio in the human kidney (ie, ≤1.5) is one of the causes of hypertension. Acute cadmium poisoning is manifested by acute gastroenteritis or acute chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema. Chronic cadmium poisoning has manifestations of kidney damage, proteinuria, emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis.