Bladder agenesis and hypoplasia
Introduction
Brief introduction of bladder development and hypoplasia Avesisofbladder is caused by abnormal urethral reproductive development and is rare. Often accompanied by upper urinary tract and other body organ malformations, may be associated with renal dysplasia, male children may be associated with prostate, seminal vesicle deficiency, men and women may have severe ureteral opening ectopic, even after survival is often caused The upper urinary tract infection and death, the small bladder can be dysplasia or hypoplasia. Dysplasia is seen in repeated bladder valgus or semi-bladder valgus, small bladder, fibrosis and difficulty in dilatation. The underdeveloped bladder has the potential to expand, seen in severe urinary incontinence, complete urethral fissure and bilateral single ectopic ureteral orifice. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.0003% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pyelonephritis
Cause
Bladder dysplasia and dysplasia
Cause:
The cause of this disease is not certain, because these children's hindgut is normal, it can be imagined that the process of clonal differentiation into urogenital sinus and anorectal is normal, bladder development may be the result of secondary atrophy in the anterior cloaca, perhaps due to the kidney The tube and ureter enter the triangle area and cooperate with each other to prevent the urine from accumulating in the bladder, so there is no urine filling the bladder.
Pathogenesis
The outcome of the deformity varies according to gender. The female has a normal development of the secondary renal tube. The ureteral orifice can be located in the uterus, the anterior wall of the vagina or the vestibule. The patient has an ectopic ureteral orifice, which can often preserve part of the renal function. The external drainage pathway is cloaca residual and ureteral drainage to the rectum or the patent ductus.
Prevention
Bladder dysplasia and hypoplasia prevention
The cause of this disease is not certain, because these children's hindgut is normal, it can be imagined that the process of clonal differentiation into urogenital sinus and anorectal is normal. The failure of the bladder may be the result of secondary atrophy in the anterior cloaca. It may be due to the inconsistency of the middle kidney tube and the ureter into the triangle, preventing the urine from accumulating in the bladder, and there is no urine filling the bladder. Therefore, the disease can not be prevented, early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment is of great significance for the introduction of prevention of this disease.
Complication
Bladder dysplasia and dysplasia complications Complications, pyelonephritis
Often complicated by malformations, including: single kidney, kidney development, abnormal renal development and no prostate and seminal vesicles. The male valve is often located at the ventral side of the proximal urethra at the junction of the penis and scrotum. It is a cusp, iris or half-moon shape. In addition to causing lower urinary tract obstruction, severe urinary tract expansion and secondary urinary tract obstruction may occur. Difficulties in urination, fine and weak urinary lines or drops, acute urinary retention.
Symptom
Bladder dysplasia and hypoplasia symptoms common symptoms stillbirth urinary frequency immunonephritis
Since the volume of the bladder is significantly reduced and the stored urine is reduced, the patient may have frequent urination. Due to repeated urination, genital infection can be induced. For patients with co-infection, symptoms such as swelling, ulceration, and fever of the perineum may occur. Such patients are often accompanied by severe deformities of the upper urinary tract and other systems. Most of them are stillbirth at birth or die of pyelonephritis shortly after birth. The clinical significance is not significant.
Examine
Examination of bladder dysplasia and hypoplasia
Medical imaging examinations can diagnose whether the degree of bladder development is normal. Ultrasound, X-ray film plus intravenous pyelography, CT, MRI are conducive to the diagnosis of this disease. The key examination methods include urinary tract examination, which can understand the shape and size of the bladder and the extent of the deformity. Secondly, cystoscopy can be used to accurately reflect the development of the bladder.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of bladder non-development and hypoplasia
1. Bladder bulging: also known as vaginal anterior wall bulging. Due to factors such as childbirth and birth injury, the bladder wall, urethra and vaginal wall are elongated, slackened and thinned, and the fascia in the basin is loosened. The difference is that the bladder urethra expands into the vagina and bulges from the vaginal opening.
2. Urethral mucosal prolapse: This disease occurs mostly in children, mainly characterized by a purple-red mass at the urethral opening, which is annular around the urethra. The mass is soft, the surface is smooth, without pain or tenderness, and is prone to bleeding; there is no symptoms of urinary incontinence. There is a cavity in the center of the mass, which can be smoothly inserted into the catheter.
