incomplete emptying of the bladder
Introduction
Introduction Normal adult males have a volume of approximately 250 ml when the bladder is full, and approximately 300 ml for women; and 10% or less after urination. If the urinary function is abnormal, resulting in excessive residual urine, or even unable to urinate at all, it is urinary retention. According to the emergency of symptoms, it can be divided into acute and chronic urinary retention.
Cause
Cause
Prostatic hyperplasia, which is related to the structure of the bladder, the reflexed edge of the peritoneum on both sides of the pelvis is also called the pseudo-ligament, which has little effect on the fixation of the bladder. After the bladder, the upper pelvic arteries on both sides of the bladder are a strong fibrous tissue that helps to fix the bottom and sides of the bladder. The branches branch the bladder, prostate, perineum, and external urinary sphincters; in women, the bladder, urethra, and vaginal. The parasympathetic nerve is the motor nerve and acts as a urination. The main function of the trunk nerve is to control the contraction of the external urinary sphincter. The sympathetic nerve is the sensory nerve, and has nothing to do with the movement of the detrusor nerve.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Ultrasound examination of the bladder, ureteral reflux, cystography, renal ultrasonography, ureteral ultrasonography
There are symptoms of urination. You can check the urine routine, blood routine, liver and kidney function, check the kidney, bladder, ureter B-ultrasound, bladder tumor is the most common tumor in the urinary system. Most are transitional epithelial cell carcinoma. The bladder wall and the posterior wall are the most, followed by the triangle and the top, which can be multi-centered. Bladder tumors may be accompanied by renal pelvis, ureter, and urethra tumors. In foreign countries, the incidence of bladder tumors ranks second only to prostate cancer in male genitourinary tumors; it ranks first in China. The incidence rate of males is about 3-4 times that of females, and the age is more than 50-70 years old. Epithelial tumors account for 95% of the disease type, of which more than 90% are transitional epithelial cell carcinoma.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Acute urinary retention: Suddenly unable to urinate at all, the bladder continues to rise and must be catheterized immediately. For example, maternal occasional urinary retention after childbirth, indwelling the catheter for one to two weeks to reclamation. Another example is patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. It is very difficult to urinate. If you take drugs that affect bladder contraction (such as anti-histamines commonly used in colds and nasal congestion), it may cause bladder strikes. Some patients are also blocked because of nerve pathways, such as stroke or sacral injury.
Chronic urinary retention: Initially, the urine flow is small, the drip is not stopped, the urine is still urinary, and then the frequency of urine, residual urine is increasing, the bladder is getting bigger and bigger, and finally the elasticity is fatigued, the volume can exceed 1 liter. Due to long-term residual urine, the urine of both kidneys cannot flow into the bladder normally, which can also cause bilateral hydronephrosis. There are symptoms of urination.
