slow embryonic development
Introduction
Introduction Intrauterine growth retardation refers to two standard deviations of the fetal weight below the normal average weight of the gestational age. Generally divided into three categories: endogenous symmetry fetal intrauterine growth retardation, external cause of heterogeneous fetal intrauterine growth retardation, external factor symmetry fetal intrauterine growth retardation.
Cause
Cause
Reasons for expectant mothers:
1) Inheritance: The difference in fetal birth weight comes from the genetic factors of both parents, which are most affected by maternal genetic factors. There are reports that there are 2-5 chromosome abnormalities in the uterus of the uterus.
(2) Nutrition: pregnant women eating nutritionally inadequate or gastrointestinal malabsorption affect fetal growth and development such as partial eclipse, anorexia, pregnancy vomiting, chronic gastritis and chronic enteritis, so that protein and calorie intake is insufficient.
(3) Pregnancy comorbidities and complications: such as pregnant women with essential hypertension, chronic nephritis, renal hypertension, diabetes, lupus erythematosus, heart disease, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, expired pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, amniotic fluid The incidence of intrauterine growth retardation in anemia, pre-pregnancy and post-pregnancy anemia is significantly increased. In particular, pregnant women with chronic vascular disease due to vascular sclerosis, placental vasospasm, decreased blood flow perfusion, affecting placental rotation can make the fetus lack nutrient oxygen and other trace elements necessary for growth, resulting in intrauterine stagnation.
(4) Smoking, alcoholism and drug abuse: smoking is closely related to teratogenesis, infertility, abortion. Nicotine in tobacco leaves affects placental blood circulation. Placental blood circulation Both active smoking and passive smoking have been confirmed. Alcoholism can cause fetal malformation to cause fetal intrauterine stagnation and low intelligence children 4 times higher than the control group.
The reason for the baby
(1) intrauterine infection: pregnant women with infectious disease pathogens can be transmitted through the placenta through the vertical transmission of the embryo and the fetus is called intrauterine infection. Intrauterine infection causes placental inflammation and low placental function often causes abortion fetal malformation and intrauterine growth retardation.
(2) abnormal fetal development: such as hereditary dwarf congenital heart disease and single umbilical artery malformation can affect the growth and development of the fetus.
(3) Placental factors: The placenta is an important organ for the exchange of substances between the fetus and the mother. It plays an important role in the growth and development of the fetus. When the placenta is calcified, the infarction or the placenta is too small, the functional villus is reduced and the vascular abnormality causes the blood flow of the uterus to decrease. This leads to intrauterine growth retardation.
The intrauterine growth retardation perinatal mortality rate is 3-8 times that of normal children. The perinatal morbidity rate is also significantly increased. Long-term follow-up found that its growth and development is affected by certain obstacles, especially the damage of the nervous system, which may affect mental development and mental deformity.
Examine
an examination
Related inspection
Obstetric B-ultrasound blood test
1. The internal factors are called intrauterine growth retardation. The weight, head diameter and height of the fetus are proportional, but smaller than the gestational age; the number of cells in each organ is small and the brain is light; half of the newborns are deformed and endanger the survival.
2, external cause of uneven fetal intrauterine growth retardation early pregnancy, normal fetal development, more abnormal in the middle and late pregnancy. The height and head circumference of the fetus are generally unaffected, but the weight is light, unevenly developed, and disproportionate; the fetus may have malnutrition or over-ripe performance; the fetus often has hypoxia and poor metabolism; the number of cells in each organ is normal, but the volume Small; prone to hypoglycemia after birth, often with nerve damage.
3, external factor symmetry fetal intrauterine growth retardation is the above two types of mixed type. Mainly due to lack of nutrients, such as folic acid, amino acids and so on. Fetal head circumference, body and body weight are reduced, there is malnutrition; hypoxia is generally rare, but metabolic disorders often occur; the volume of each organ is small, the number of cells is reduced, especially the liver and spleen.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Embryo cessation: Fetal cessation refers to the developmental stoppage of an embryo in early pregnancy for some reason. B-ultrasound examination showed fetal buds in the gestational sac or fetal form irregularities, no fetal heartbeat, or manifested as gestational sac. Clinically, it belongs to the category of abortion or stillbirth. It used to be called expired abortion or missed abortion. There are many reasons for the embryo to stop developing.
1. The internal factors are called intrauterine growth retardation. The weight, head diameter and height of the fetus are proportional, but smaller than the gestational age; the number of cells in each organ is small and the brain is light; half of the newborns are deformed and endangered;
2, external cause of uneven fetal intrauterine growth retardation early pregnancy, normal fetal development, more abnormal in the middle and late pregnancy. The height and head circumference of the fetus are generally unaffected, but the weight is light, unevenly developed, and disproportionate; the fetus may have malnutrition or over-ripe performance; the fetus often has hypoxia and poor metabolism; the number of cells in each organ is normal, but the volume Small; prone to hypoglycemia after birth, often with nerve damage.
3, external factor symmetry fetal intrauterine growth retardation is the above two types of mixed type. Mainly due to lack of nutrients, such as folic acid, amino acids and so on. Fetal head circumference, body and body weight are reduced, there is malnutrition; hypoxia is generally rare, but metabolic disorders often occur; the volume of each organ is small, the number of cells is reduced, especially the liver and spleen.
