Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot is a common congenital heart vascular malformation, ranking first in cyanotic congenital heart disease. The pathological anatomy of this disease has four points: ① pulmonary stenosis, ② ventricular septal defect, ③ ascending aorta opening to the right and ④ right ventricular concentric hypertrophy. In 1944 BlaloCk and Taussig recognized that the main pathophysiological changes in tetralogy were inadequate pulmonary blood flow and reduced arterial oxygen content, leading to cyanosis and death. Based on this, the subclavian artery pulmonary artery shunt is used to increase pulmonary circulation blood flow and improve blood hypoxia. Then, Potts, Glenn, Waterston and others successively carried out various body lung shunts in the clinic. In 1948, Brock and Sellors performed closed surgery on patients with quadruple disease, directly opening the funnel or pulmonary stenosis. In 1954, Scott, Lillehei, Kirklin, Kay, etc., underwent radical open heart surgery for tetrads under low temperature anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation.