Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage

1. Advanced malignant biliary obstruction caused by palliative biliary drainage. 2. Preoperative preparation of patients with deep jaundice (including benign and malignant lesions) 3. Acute biliary infection, such as acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis, decompression and drainage of acute biliary tract, so that emergency surgery is elective surgery. 4. Benign biliary stricture, after repeated biliary repair, biliary reconstruction and biliary-enteric anastomosis. 5. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, lithotripsy, cytology, and percutaneous choledocholithotomy through drainage tube.