Cuticle thickening

The abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum is an explanation for hyperkeratosis. Another explanation is that the epithelial cells of the skin or mucosal surface are over-keratinized and the stratum corneum is inflammatory and thickened. Although hyperkeratosis can occur in any part of any animal, it is often regarded as a clinical symptom of cattle, especially calves. It is often caused by exposure or ingestion of a certain chemical substance, and can also be caused by a virus. When the calf is hyperkeratinized, the upper third of the trunk and the skin on the side of the neck are thickened and wrinkled, especially the jaw corner and neck are dry, gray, and hairless, and the mouth, tongue, esophagus, and stomach are at the same time. It can be seen in keratolytic keratosis.