Esophageal varices

Esophageal varices are of special significance to the Chinese, because China is the number one epidemic country of hepatitis B, and many patients eventually enter the liver cirrhosis phase of liver failure. The portal vein system, which is one of the liver's main blood supply sources, is overpressured, causing it to malfunction. The venous blood that should have flowed into the system and returned to the heart could not flow in, and the stasis in the lumen caused the veins to expand abnormally and not to retract to normal (the vein walls are not elastic, and the blood will expand and lose normal tubes. Diameter, which is one of its main differences from arteries.), Also known as varicose veins. The sources of blood for the venous system include the esophageal, umbilical, and hemorrhoidal veins. These blood vessels expand to form varicose veins at the corresponding site, that is, esophageal varices, and venous expansion near the navel (on the stomach of patients with cirrhotic ascites It can be seen that these are blue and thick blood vessels like water snakes) and hemorrhoids (hemorrhoid veins in the anus area). Obstruction of venous reflux in any part can cause esophageal varices, which is an important complication of portal hypertension, because in portal hypertension, collateral circulation is formed between the portal vein and superior vena cava. The specific collateral circulation pathway is as follows: portal vein-gastric coronary vein-esophageal vein plexus-odd vein-superior vena cava.